Project description:<p><em>Ulmus parvifolia</em> (<em>U. parvifolia</em>) was traditionally used in the treatment of some diseases such as inflammation, diarrhea and fevers. With the wide application of molecular biotechnology in plant development and utilization, the pharmaceutical value and chemical composition of the bark and leaves of <em>U. parvifolia</em> had been studied. However, metabolic signatures of seeds have not been studied. Seeds and bark of <em>U. parvifolia</em> were collected at the seeds ripening stage and metabolite profiling was performed through the untargeted metabolomics approach. A total of 2,578 and 2,207 metabolites were identified in seeds and bark, respectively. In particular, 574 differential metabolites were identified from the two parts of <em>U. parvifolia</em>, including flavonoids, terpene glycosides, triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. There are some bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities in these metabolites. More metabolites belonged to flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids were up-regulated in seeds than that in bark. There were more varieties of terpene glycosides and triterpenoids in bark than seeds. The pathway enrichment was performed, while flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were worthy of attention. Metabolic signatures of <em>U. parvifolia</em> seeds and bark were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics approach. Metabolite profiling, characteristics of differential metabolites and pathway enrichment were performed to evaluate the pharmaceutical value of seeds and bark. This study provided a scientific basis for the complementary use of the two different parts of <em>U. parvifolia</em> as a Chinese medicinal material.</p>
Project description:The identification of natural and environmentally friendly pesticides is a key area of interest for the agrochemical industry, with many potentially active compounds being sourced from numerous plant species. In this study, we report the bioassay-guided isolation and identification of phytotoxic and antifungal compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of Helietta parvifolia stems. We identified eight compounds, consisting of two coumarins and six alkaloids. Among these, a new alkaloid, 2-hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyquinoline-4-carbaldehyde (6), was elucidated, along with seven known compounds. The phytotoxicity of purified compounds was evaluated, and chalepin (4) was active against Agrostis stolonifera at 1 mM with 50% inhibition of seed germination and it reduced Lemna pausicotata (duckweed) growth by 50% (IC50) at 168 μM. Additionally, we evaluated the antifungal activity against the fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum fragariae using a thin-layer chromatography bioautography assay, which revealed that three isolated furoquinoline alkaloids (flindersiamine (3), kokusagenine (7), and maculine (8)) among the isolated compounds had the strongest inhibitory effects on the growth of C. fragariae at all tested concentrations. Our results indicate that these active natural compounds, i.e., (3), (4), (7), and (8), could be scaffolds for the production of more active pesticides with better physicochemical properties.