Project description:Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been evaluated as an additional method to increase the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in treating solid tumors. Here, we designed a CAR moiety by inserting the CR2 and CR3 domains of low-density lipoprotein receptor, enabling specifically and significantly surface-loading of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) onto CAR-T cells. We used RNA sequence to study the global gene expression and identified differentially expressed genes in B7H3-CAR-T cells and CR2/3-B7H3-CAR-T cells loaded with loading VSVΔ51, aiming to identify the changed pathways that are influenced by the cross-connection between VSV-G protein and CR2/3-CAR moiety.
Project description:To investigate the in vivo functions of CR2/3-CAR-T loaded with VSVΔ51 after infiltrating tumor microenvironment, we analyzed the transcriptomic signatures at early stage after CAR-T infiltrating into tumor tissue. We isolated the CAR-T cells from the mouse tumor and used RNA sequence to study the global gene expression. We identified differentially expressed genes in B7H3-CAR-T cells and CR2/3-B7H3-CAR-T cells loaded with loading VSVΔ51, aiming to identify the changed pathways that are influenced by the cross-connection between VSV-G protein and CR2/3-CAR moiety.
Project description:The goal of the study was to determine whether photodynamic oncolytic virus therapy of glioblastoma and malignant meningioma xenografts in mice alters transciptomics associated with efficacy. RNA sequencing was used from tumors treated with PBS, laser, G47delta-KillerRed, and G47delta-KillerRed and laser, which is photodynamic oncolytic virus therapy.
Project description:The goal of the study was to determine whether low dose HDACi sensitizes human malignant meningioma cells to the cytotoxic capacity of oncolytic herpes simplex virus G47delta. RNA sequencing was used to examine transcriptomic changes mediated by HDACi preexposure before oncolytic virus infection.
Project description:Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment is a persistent challenge for oncologists, and this challenge has motivated the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies such as oncolytic virus therapy. Despite recent advancements in oncolytic virus therapy clinical trials for glioblastoma, a substantial number of patients have shown limited responses to this treatment. Here, we performed CRISPR‒Cas9 knockout screening and identified non-canonical BRG1/BRM-associated factor (ncBAF) complex as a pivotal determinant of oncolytic virus resistance. Knockout of the ncBAF-specific subunit Bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) markedly augmented the antitumor efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV1), as evidenced by our in vitro and in vivo studies. Mechanistically, BRD9 bound to RELA, a key transcription factor in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, to potentiate the expression of downstream antiviral genes. The application of a small molecule inhibitor targeting BRD9 (IBRD9) significantly enhanced oHSV1 activity against GBM across various models, including cell lines, patient-derived organoids, ex vivo cultured primary tumor slices, and mouse models. Moreover, reduced BRD9 levels correlated with improved patient outcomes in oHSV1 clinical trials. These findings highlight BRD9 as a prospective target for augmenting the effectiveness of oncolytic virus therapy against glioblastoma, providing insights for the development of novel combination treatments.
Project description:Oncolytic viruses are complex biological agents that interact at multiple levels with both tumor and normal tissues. Anti-viral pathways induced by interferon are known to play a critical role in determining tumor cell sensitivity and normal cell resistance to infection with oncolytic viruses. Here we pursue a synthetic biology approach to identify methods that enhance anti-tumor activity of oncolytic viruses through suppression of IFN signaling. Based on the mathematical analysis of multiple strategies, we hypothesize that a positive feedback loop, established by virus-mediated expression of a soluble interferon-binding decoy receptor, increases tumor cytotoxicity without compromising normal cells. Oncolytic rhabodviruses engineered to express a secreted interferon antagonist have improved oncolytic potential in cellular cancer models, and display improved therapeutic potential in tumor-bearing mice. Our results demonstrate the potential of this methodology in evaluating potential caveats of viral immune evasion strategies and improving the design of oncolytic viruses. The following series of microarray experiments was utilized to assess the impact of cloning an IFN decoy receptor isolated from vaccinia virus termed B19R on the transcriptional response against an IFN sensitive maraba virus strain termed MG1. RNA extraction was performed 24h post infection in 786-0 cells. Duplicate samples were pooled, and hybridized on Affymetrix human gene 1.0 ST arrays according to manufacturer instructions. Data analysis was performed using AltAnalyze. Briefly, probeset filtering implemented a DABG threshold of 70 & pV<0.05 and utilized exclusively constitutively expressed exons to assess levels of gene expression.
Project description:We explored the utility of oncolytic virus therapy against glioblastoma with Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus that induces cell death and differentiation of neural precursor cells in the developing fetus. ZIKV preferentially infected and killed glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) relative to differentiated tumor progeny or normal neuronal cells. The effects against GSCs were not a general property of neurotropic flaviviruses, as West Nile Virus (WNV) indiscriminately killed both tumor and normal neural cells. ZIKV potently depleted patient-derived GSCs grown in culture and in organoids. Moreover, mice with glioblastoma survived substantially longer and at greater rates when the tumor was inoculated with a murine adapted strain of ZIKV. Our results suggest that ZIKV is an oncolytic virus that can preferentially target GSCs, and thus, genetically modified strains that further optimize safety could have therapeutic efficacy for adult glioblastoma patients.
Project description:Prostate cancer is a major challenge due to limited treatment options in advanced stages. Immunotherapy has shown promising prospects in various cancers, but it faces obstacles in prostate cancer due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment and low response rate to current therapies. Oncolytic virus therapy provides a new immunotherapy approach by stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. This study investigated the histological changes of the novel herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-II) oncolytic virus OH2 in prostate cancer tumors.
Project description:Interventions: Lung Cancer group:Novel Oncolytic Virus;Colorectal Cancer group:Novel Oncolytic Virus
Primary outcome(s): objective response rate;overall survival;Quality of life;Safety;disease control rate;disease-free survival
Study Design: Single arm