The evolution of facultative symbiosis in corals
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1223412 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) represents a significant phenotypic adaptation in plants to thrive in nitrogen-deficient environments. Recent findings propose a single gain of RNS at the crown of the nitrogen-fixing clade (NF clade). However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the origin and subsequent evolution of RNS remain largely unexplored. Here, we newly sequenced and assembled eleven genomes from the NF clade and studied genetic change along the evolution of RNS. Our results elucidated three key evolutionary stages leading to the formation of stable RNS between plants and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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Project description:Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) represents a significant phenotypic adaptation in plants to thrive in nitrogen-deficient environments. Recent findings propose a single gain of RNS at the crown of the nitrogen-fixing clade (NF clade). However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the origin and subsequent evolution of RNS remain largely unexplored. Here, we newly sequenced and assembled eleven genomes from the NF clade and studied genetic change along the evolution of RNS. Our results elucidated three key evolutionary stages leading to the formation of stable RNS between plants and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
2025-12-23 | GSE264604 | GEO
Project description:Stepwise evolution of root nodule symbiosis [DAP-seq]
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Project description:Corals rely on a symbiosis with dinoflagellate algae (Symbiodinium spp.) to thrive in nutrient poor tropical oceans. However, the coral-algal symbiosis can break down during bleaching events, potentially leading to coral death. While genome-wide expression studies have shown the genes associated with the breakdown of this partnership, the full conglomerate of genes responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a healthy symbiosis remains unknown. Results from previous studies suggested little transcriptomic change associated with the establishment of symbiosis. In order to elucidate the transcriptomic response of the coral host in the presence of its associated symbiont, we utilized a comparative framework. Post-metamorphic aposymbiotic coral polyps of Orbicella faveolata were compared to symbiotic coral polyps 9 days after metamorphosis and the subsequent differential gene expression between control and treatment was quantified using cDNA microarray technology. Coral polyps exhibited differential expression of genes associated with nutrient metabolism and development, providing insight into pathways turned as a result of symbiosis driving early polyp growth. Furthermore, genes associated with lysosomal fusion were also upregulated, suggesting host regulation of symbiont densities soon after infection.
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Project description:Scleractinian corals acquire autotrophic nutrients via the photosynthetic activity of their symbionts and the subsequent transfer of photosynthates. Zooplankton predation by the animal (heterotrophy) is an additional food source. Under stress events, corals loose their symbionts, a phenomena known as bleaching, which eventually leads to starvation, unless corals increase their heterotrophic capacities. Molecular mechanisms by which heterotrophy sustains metabolism in stressed corals remain elusive. Here for the first time, we identify specific genes expressed in heterotrophically fed and unfed corals maintained under normal and light-stress conditions inducing bleaching. Physiological parameters and gene expression profiling showed ominously that fed corals better resisted the stress than unfed corals, by presenting less oxidative damage and protein/DNA degradation. Light stressed and unfed/starved corals (HLS) up-regulated by 140 and 13 times two genes (CP2U1 and CP1A2), which belong to the Cytochrome P450 superfamily, while these genes remained almost unchanged in fed corals (HLF). Other genes of redox regulation, DNA damage response, molecular chaperones, and protein degradation were also up-regulated in HLS corals, presenting higher bleaching, and strong decrease of the photosynthesis performance compared to HLF corals. Several pivotal genes associated with the calcification apparatus such as carbonic anhydrases, calcium-transporting ATPase, calcium channel subunit, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), were significantly down-regulated only in HLS corals. A parallel decrease in the calcification rates of these later corals was also observed. All together, these results show clearly that heterotrophy helps preventing oxidative stress in corals, and thus avoid the cascade of metabolic problems downstream this stress.
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Project description:The role acclimatization, adaptation, and symbiosis in the acquisition of heat tolerance in reef-building corals
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