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Modulation of immune response and tissue repair mechanisms in the gill filaments of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affected by complex gill disease (CGD) in a marine open sea-cage environment

ABSTRACT: Modulation of immune response and tissue repair mechanisms in the gill filaments of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affected by complex gill disease (CGD) in a marine open sea-cage environment

PROVIDER: PRJNA1244153 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Modulation of immune response and tissue repair mechanisms in the gill filaments of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affected by complex gill disease (CGD) in a marine open sea-cage environment

Project description:Complex gill disease (CGD) presents significant challenges in Atlantic salmon aquaculture, resulting in reduced growth, higher production costs, and mortality rates of up to 80%. CGD is influenced by a multifactorial interaction of environmental factors and pathogens. Given the impact of CGD and the lack of molecular studies aimed at its characterization and modulation, the objective of this work was to analyze changes in the modulation of genes and biological processes that take place in the CGD-affected gill filaments in Atlantic salmon. Gill samples were taken from CGD-affected fish at an open sea-cage marine farm in the Patagonian fjords of Chile (Aysen Region). Gills were portioned into damaged (CGDdt) and undamaged (CGDndt) tissue for total RNA extraction and subsequent transcriptomic analysis by RNA-Seq, to identify differentially expressed genes and the biological functions they belong to. As a control, gill filaments from healthy fish were also sampled. The results demonstrated a clear distinction in gene expression profiles between CGDdt and CGDndt, with 364 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 332 downregulated, identified with key genes such as mmp9, ccl19, and il8, indicating a promotion of a pro-inflammatory environment. In contrast, underexpression of processes associated with cellular homeostasis, cell communication, and structural development suggests altered tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The comparison between CGDndt and control showed changes in the expression of 5ntla and ca12 that suggest the activation of response mechanisms due to the proximity with the branchial filament affected by CGD. In sum, this study provides valuable insights into the transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon to CGD and improves the understanding of tissue repair mechanisms in the mucosal tissues of aquatic organisms.

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Atlantic Salmon Amoebic Gill Disease Study

Project description:Comparison of gene expression of infected versus non infected Salmo salar gill tissue over time. The time course includes 0 hr, 44 hr, 114 hr and 189 hr post infection Keywords: Infected vs control

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Global gene expresssion profiling the gills of amoebic gill disease (AGD) affected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Project description:Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is an ectoparasitic condition of some farm-reared marine fish and is caused by Neoparamoeba perurans. Tanks housing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were inoculated with Neoparamoeba perurans and fish were sampled at 36 days postinoculation (pi.). AGD-affected gill tissue was dissected from N. perurans infected fish, and a DNA microarray was used to compare global gene expression against tissues from AGD-naive fish. To determine whether the changes in gene expression were restricted to AGD-lesions, lesion tissue from AGD-affected fish was also compared with non-lesion gill tissue dissected from the same gill arch. Samples were assessed using a DNA microarray. mRNA from lesion and non-lesion gill tissue was amplified and labeled. Six biological and two technical replicates were utilised to hybridise to 12 arrays using amplified RNA from AGD-affected lesion gill tissue with AGD-naive fish as a control. Four biological and two technical replicates were utilised to hybridise to 8 arrays using amplified RNA from AGD-affected lesion gill tissue with non-lesion tissue from the same gill arch as a control. The assignment of microarrays to treatment groups for hybridization was randomised by using a random number generator.

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Investigation of the host response of naïve Atlantic salmon gill to repeat inoculation with Paramoeba perurans

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Gill and liver transcript expression changes associated with gill damage in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Project description:Gills of teleost fish represent a vital multifunctional organ; however, they are subjected to environmental stressors, causing gill damage. Gill damage is associated with significant losses in the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry. Gill disorders due to environmental stressors are exacerbated by global environmental changes, especially with open-net pen aquaculture (as farmed fish lack the ability to escape those events). The local and systemic response to gill damage, concurrent with several environmental insults, are not well investigated. We performed field sampling to collect gill and liver tissue after several environmental insults. Using a 44K salmonid microarray platform, we aimed to compare the transcriptomes of pristine and moderately damaged gill tissue. The gill damage-associated biomarker genes and associated qPCR assays arising from this study will be valuable in future research aimed at developing therapeutic diets to improve farmed salmon gill health.

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