Project description:The endostyle is an endodermal organ unique to non-vertebrate chordates except for lamprey larvae, where it serves as forerunner to the adult thyroid. Here, we examine if the acquisition of neural crest in the vertebrate lineage played a role in the elaboration of the endostyle. CM-DiI lineage tracing reveals a neural crest contribution to the endostyle, and CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of key neural crest genes causes endostyle defects including formation of a single rather than bilobed structure. RNA-sequencing reveals gene profiles characteristic of embryonic neural crest cells and Schwann cell precursors in the developing endostyle. Contrasting with the prevailing view that the endostyle is an endoderm-derived organ, we propose that the acquisition of the neural crest played a critical step in promoting thyroid evolution from chordate endostyle.
Project description:We present a comprehensive proteome atlas of the model chordate Ciona, covering eight developmental stages and ~7k translated genes as well as a deep quantitative atlas of maternal proteins found in the Ciona egg.
Project description:This project aims to explore the protein interaction network of thyroid cancer cell lines through a robotics platform combined with proteomic techniques. The primary method involves using CF-DIA-MS (Co-fractionation Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry) to acquire data from three different thyroid cell lines. These cell lines are chosen to represent various stages or subtypes of thyroid cancer, providing a comprehensive view of the co-eluted protein changes associated with disease progression. The proteomics data obtained will be invaluable for understanding the protein interactions underlying thyroid cancer and for identifying potential biomarkers for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Project description:Thyroid nodules occur in about 60% of the population. Current diagnostic strategies, however, often fail at distinguishing malignant nodules before surgery, thus leading to unnecessary, invasive treatments. As proteins are involved in all physio/pathological processes, a proteome investigation of biopsied nodules may help correctly classify and identify malignant nodules and discover therapeutic targets. Quantitative mass spectrometry data-independent acquisition (DIA) enables highly reproducible and rapid throughput investigation of proteomes. An exhaustive spectral library of thyroid nodules is essential for DIA yet still unavailable. This study presents a comprehensive thyroid spectral library covering five types of thyroid tissue: multinodular goiter, follicular adenoma, follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and normal thyroid tissue. Our library includes 925,330 transition groups, 157,548 peptide precursors, 121,960 peptides, 9941 protein groups, and 9826 proteins from proteotypic peptides. This library resource was evaluated using three papillary thyroid carcinoma samples and their corresponding adjacent normal thyroid tissue, leading to effective quantification of up to 7863 proteins from biopsy-level thyroid tissues.