Project description:The purpose of this study is to compare the adenoma detection rates of full-spectrum endoscopy versus standard forward-viewing colonoscopy in colorectal cancer screening programme.
Project description:To find potential biomarkers and molecular mechanism for placenta accreta spectrum disorders , we identified the differently expressed patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in invasive placneta and adherent normal placenta tissues. The results provided a novel insight into the pathogenesis of placenta accreta spectrum disorders .
Project description:The phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells, termed efferocytosis, is essential for both tissue homeostasis and tissue health during cell death-inducing treatments. Failure to efficiently clear apoptotic cells augment the risk of pathological inflammation and has been linked to a myriad of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Although past studies have elucidated local molecular signals that regulate homeostatic efferocytosis in a tissue, whether signals arising distally also regulate homeostatic efferocytosis remains elusive. Interestingly, clinical evidence suggests that prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune and inflammatory disease development. We therefore hypothesized that intestinal microbes produce molecular signals that regulate efferocytotic ability in tissue phagocytes beyond the intestines. Here, we find that macrophages, the body’s professional phagocyte, display impaired efferocytosis in the peritoneum of broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX)-treated, vancomycin-treated, and germ-free mice in vivo, the latter of which could be rescued by fecal microbiota transplantation. Mechanistically, the microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acid butyrate directly boosted efferocytosis efficiency and capacity in mouse and human macrophages, with both intestinal and local delivery of butyrate capable of rescuing ABX-induced large peritoneal macrophage (LPM) efferocytosis defects. Bulk mRNA sequencing of butyrate-treated primary macrophages in vitro and single cell mRNA sequencing of LPMs isolated from ABX-treated and butyrate-rescued mice revealed specific regulation of efferocytosis-supportive transcriptional programs. Specifically, we found that the efferocytosis receptor T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (TIM-4, Timd4) was downregulated in LPMs of ABX-treated mice which was rescued by oral butyrate and that TIM-4 was required for the butyrate-induced enhancement of LPM efferocytosis capacity in vivo. Strikingly, LPM efferocytosis was impaired well-beyond withdrawal of ABX and, importantly, ABX-treated mice exhibited significantly worse disease in a mouse model of system lupus erythematosus. Collectively, our results demonstrate that homeostatic efferocytosis relies on distal molecular signals and suggest that a defect in homeostatic efferocytosis may contribute to the clinically observed link between broad-spectrum antibiotics use and inflammatory disease.
Project description:Despite some success in identifying CNVs responsible for metabolic phenotypes including obesity and diabetes mellitus, there are as yet no data available to suggest whether or not CNVs might be involved in the etiology of the NAFLD spectrum. This report is a comprehensive analysis of copy number in Malaysian patients with NAFLD.
