Project description:Mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) is an important economic woody tree with rapid growth rate and large biomass, which had great potential for heavy metals remediation. To further understand the mechanisms involved in cadmium accumulation and detoxification in mulberry, we carried out a transcriptomic study to get insights into the molecular mechanisms of the mulberry response to cadmium stress using RNA-seq analysis with BGISEQ-500.
Project description:Human utilization of the mulberry-silkworm interaction started at least 5,000 years ago and greatly influenced world history through the Silk Road. Complementing the silkworm genome sequence, here we describe the genome of a mulberry species (Morus notabilis C. K. Schneider). In the 330 Mb genome assembly of M. notabilis, we identified 128 Mb of repetitive sequences and 29,338 genes, 60.8% of which were supported by transcriptome sequencing. Mulberry gene sequences appear to evolve ~3 times faster than other Rosales, perhaps facilitating its spread to Europe, Africa, and America. It is among few eudicots but several Rosales not preserving genome duplications in more than 100 million years – however neopolyploid series in mulberry and several others suggest that new duplications may confer benefits. Strikingly, five predicted mulberry miRNAs were found in the hemolymph and silkglands of silkworm, suggesting profound molecular level interactions that promise to expand knowledge of plant-herbivore relationship which constitute key elements of most terrestrial habitats. In addition, we investigated the characters of hemolymph small RNA. small mRNA profiles of silkworm hemolymph in the fifth instar day-5 silkworm were generated by deep sequencing, in twice, using Illumina Hiseq 2000.
Project description:Human utilization of the mulberry-silkworm interaction started at least 5,000 years ago and greatly influenced world history through the Silk Road. Complementing the silkworm genome sequence, here we describe the genome of a mulberry species (Morus notabilis C. K. Schneider). In the 330 Mb genome assembly of M. notabilis, we identified 128 Mb of repetitive sequences and 29,338 genes, 60.8% of which were supported by transcriptome sequencing. Mulberry gene sequences appear to evolve ~3 times faster than other Rosales, perhaps facilitating its spread to Europe, Africa, and America. It is among few eudicots but several Rosales not preserving genome duplications in more than 100 million years – however neopolyploid series in mulberry and several others suggest that new duplications may confer benefits. Strikingly, five predicted mulberry miRNAs were found in the hemolymph and silkglands of silkworm, suggesting profound molecular level interactions that promise to expand knowledge of plant-herbivore relationship which constitute key elements of most terrestrial habitats. In addition, we investigated the characters of hemolymph small RNA.
Project description:Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is considered a millenary medicinal plant and a food source for silkworms. Different M. alba extracts offer a variety of biological and pharmacological properties that are largely attributed to stilbenoids, a small group of phenylpropanoids, including resveratrol and oxyresveratrol. These are naturally present in non-renewable parts of mulberry trees, impeding their efficient extraction. As a way to bypass this spatiotemporal restriction, we generated cell suspensions from mulberry leaf petioles and demonstrated that the combined use of methyl jasmonate and two different types of cyclodextrins were able to elicit a high production of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol. As oxyresveratrol-producing enzymes are still unknown, we improved the structural and functional annotation of the mulberry genome by integrating short and long-read sequencing data and combined it with time series transcriptome, metabolite and proteome data in response to cell elicitation to identify a complete set of phenylpropanoid and stilbenoid related genes. These included 23 stilbene synthase (STS) genes and a group of six p-coumaroyl-CoA 2'-hydroxylases (C2’Hs), all being highly co-expressed with resveratrol and oxyresveratrol production. We transiently transformed grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) calli and Nicotiana benthamiana plants to functionally validate the role of C2’Hs in the first committed step of oxyresveratrol synthesis, which provides an alternative substrate for STSs by hydroxylating p-coumaroyl-coA into 2’4’-dihydroxycinnamoyl-CoA. Finally, we offer tools for genomic and transcriptomic exploration also in the context of jasmonate elicitation aiding in the characterization of novel stilbenoid-modifying and regulatory genes in the Morus genus.
Project description:The mian goal of the study was to identify drought responsive genes of Indian mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf tissue. Drought stress was imposed at whole plant leve; usig gravimetric approach. Leaf tissue was harvested 14 days post drought stress imposition and used for transcriptome analaysis. Two levels of drought stress (100% and 40% soil field capacity) was maintained by controlled irrigation. The leaf tissue was collected, total RNA was isolated converted to cDNA and used for analysis
Project description:Mulberry (Morus alba) is a fast-growing perennial woody plant with a long cultivation history in China and a distribution throughout the country. To date, the molecular mechanism of mulberry response to abiotic stress is little known. In the present study, proteomics data were collected from the leaves of the mulberry cultivar Neo-Ichinose (Japan) under drought stress and analyzed. In total, 2871 proteins were quantified, among which 267 proteins were differentially expressed. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the molecular functions of the up-regulated proteins were mainly related to glutathione peroxidase activity, hydrolase activity, oxidoreductase activity, peroxidase activity and antioxidant activity. Protein domain enrichment analysis showed that the most important protein domains were associated with glutathione peroxidase, glycoside hydrolase, and chaperones. Additionally, a functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the main metabolic pathways of mulberry seedlings in response to drought stress were arachidonic acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism, which were up-regulated, and chlorophyll and porphyrin metabolism and glycerol metabolism, which were down-regulated. Additionally, many proteins related to osmotic adjustment and stress signal transduction were evoked by drought. Taken together, these results suggested that redox control and osmotic adjustment mediated by multiple signaling pathways dominated the drought response of mulberry and that antioxidant proteins and enzymes, especially glutathione peroxidase, played vital roles in the redox rebalance of mulberry under stress.