Bos indicus
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA134365 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Environmental heat stress in dairy cattle leads to poor health, reduced milk production and decreased reproductive efficiency. Multiple genes interact and coordinate the response to overcome the impact of heat stress. The present study identified heat shock regulated genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Genome-wide expression patterns for cellular stress response were compared between two genetically distinct groups of cattle viz., Hariana (B. indicus) and Vrindavani (B. indicus X B. taurus). In addition to major heat shock response genes, oxidative stress and immune response genes were also found to be affected by heat stress. Heat shock proteins such as HSPH1, HSPB8, FKB4, DNAJ4 and SERPINH1 were up-regulated at higher fold change in Vrindavani compared to Hariana cattle. The oxidative stress response genes (HMOX1, BNIP3, RHOB and VEGFA) and immune response genes (FSOB, GADD45B and JUN) were up-regulated in Vrindavani whereas the same were down-regulated in Hariana cattle. The enrichment analysis of dysregulated genes revealed the biological functions and signaling pathways that were affected by heat stress. Overall, these results show distinct cellular responses to heat stress in two different genetic groups of cattle. This also highlight the long-term adaptation of B. indicus (Hariana) to tropical climate as compared to the crossbred (Vrindavani) with mixed genetic makeup (B. indicus X B. taurus).
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Project description:Epigenetic variations result from long-term adaptation to environmental factors. The Bos indicus (zebu) adapted to tropical conditions, whereas Bos taurus adapted to temperate conditions; hence native zebu cattle and its crossbred (B indicus × B taurus) show differences in responses to heat stress. The present study evaluated genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of these two breeds of cattle that may explain distinct heat stress responses. Physiological responses to heat stress and estimated values of Iberia heat tolerance coefficient and Benezra's coefficient of adaptability revealed better relative thermotolerance of Hariana compared to the Vrindavani cattle. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns were different for Hariana and Vrindavani cattle. The comparison between breeds indicated the presence of 4599 significant differentially methylated CpGs with 756 hypermethylated and 3845 hypomethylated in Hariana compared to the Vrindavani cattle. Further, we found 79 genes that showed both differential methylation and differential expression that are involved in cellular stress response functions. Differential methylations in the microRNA coding sequences also revealed their functions in heat stress responses. Taken together, epigenetic differences represent the potential regulation of long-term adaptation of Hariana (B indicus) cattle to the tropical environment and relative thermotolerance.
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Project description:Satellite cells are myogenic precursor cells in adult skeletal muscle and play a crucial role in skeletal muscle repair, remodeling, and maintenance. Like myoblasts, satellite cells have the ability to proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to form multinucleated myofibers. In this study we aimed to identify the enhancers and the transcription factors binding to these enhancers that control gene expression in proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells. Using ChIP-seq, we identified 56,973 and 54,470 active enhancers, genomic regions marked with both H3K4me1 and H3K27ac, and 50,956 and 59,174 repressed enhancers, genomic regions marked with H3K27me3, in proliferating and differentiating bovine satellite cells, respectively. Motif enrichment analyses revealed many transcription factors including the AP-1 family transcription factors that regulate gene expression in proliferating bovine satellite cells and many transcription factors besides MyoG that regulate gene expression in differentiating bovine satellite cells.
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