Project description:In this study we focus on two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with varying production of heterologous M-NM-1-amylase and we compare the metabolic fluxes and transcriptional regulation at aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in particular with the objective to identify the final electron acceptor for protein folding. We found that anaerobic conditions showed high amount of amylase productions when comparing to aerobic conditions and the genome-scale transcriptional analysis suggested that genes related to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lipid synthesis and stress responses were generally up-regulated at anaerobic conditions. Moreover, we proposed a model for the electron transfer from ER to the final electron acceptor, fumarate under anaerobic conditions. Three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with varied amylase productions were selected at early glucose phase in batch fermentations for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. Biological triplicates were applied, and strains with empty plasmid (no amylase productions) were used as control strain.
Project description:A six array study using total gDNA recovered from two separate cultures of each of three different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YB-210 or CRB, Y389 or MUSH, and Y2209 or LEP) and two separate cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DBY8268. Each array measures the hybridization of probes tiled across the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.
Project description:The pattern of gene transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is strongly affected by the presence of glucose. An increased activity of protein kinase A (PKA), triggered by a rise in the intracellular concentration of cAMP, can account for many of the effects of glucose on transcription. To investigate the requirement of PKA for glucose control of gene expression, we have analyzed global transcription in strains devoid of PKA activity. In S. cerevisiae three genes, TPK1, TPK2, TPK3, encode catalytic subunits of PKA and the triple mutant tpk1 tpk2 tpk3 is unviable. We have worked, therefore, with two strains, tpk1 tpk2 tpk3 yak1 and tpk1 tpk2 tpk3 msn2 msn4, that bear suppressor mutations,. We have identified different classes of genes that can be induced, or repressed, by glucose in the absence of PKA. Among these genes, some are also controlled by a redundant signalling pathway involving PKA activation, while others do not respond to an increase in cAMP concentration. On the other hand, among genes which do not respond to glucose in the absence of PKA, some show a full response to increased cAMP levels, even in the absence of glucose, while others appear to require the cooperation of different signalling pathways.
Project description:Multi-omics Elucidation of Resource Allocation for Enhanced Ethanol Production via Precise Glucose Control in Anaerobic Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation
Project description:Saccharomyces cerevisiae developed elegant mechanisms to monitor nutrient availability and trigger adaptative responses to nutrient deficiency. Nutrient sensing requires close coordination of cell surface sensors with intracellular mechanisms. This yeast senses the presence of glucose by two modified hexose transporters, Rgt2 and Snf3 (regulating expression of genes encoding hexose transporters) and the G-protein coupled receptor Gpr1 (modulating Protein Kinase A (PKA) activity).. It has been difficult to differentiate between cellular responses mediated by cell surface and intracellular sensors, respectively. Using a strain that is devoid of glucose uptake, we show that the mere presence of glucose does not elicit any glucose-dependent transcriptional responses. This indicates that signals generated by surface sensors are not sufficient to mediate glucose-dependent transcriptional responses. Instead, intracellular glucose or metabolites derived from it are required for transcriptional changes associated with glucose exposure. We used microarrays from biological triplicate samples to measure the global transcriptional response to sudden addition of glucose to yeast cells growing at steady state on ethanol. The experiment was conducted using a strain that is devoid of glucose uptake and compared with an isogenic strain. The CEN.PK strain was used in this research. A strain with all known hexose transporters deleted (Null strain) was compared with an isogenic reference. The two strains were grown in a chemostat (D = 0.1 h-1) using ethanol as the carbon source. Transcriptional responses between the strains were measured in biological triplicates at steady state and then pulsed with glucose at time t = 0. Transcriptional response was measured again after t = 20 min to determine changes in gene expression changes only in response to the presence of glucose.
Project description:The pattern of gene transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is strongly affected by the presence of glucose. An increased activity of protein kinase A (PKA), triggered by a rise in the intracellular concentration of cAMP, can account for many of the effects of glucose on transcription. To investigate the requirement of PKA for glucose control of gene expression, we have analyzed global transcription in strains devoid of PKA activity. In S. cerevisiae three genes, TPK1, TPK2, TPK3, encode catalytic subunits of PKA and the triple mutant tpk1 tpk2 tpk3 is unviable. We have worked, therefore, with two strains, tpk1 tpk2 tpk3 yak1 and tpk1 tpk2 tpk3 msn2 msn4, that bear suppressor mutations,. We have identified different classes of genes that can be induced, or repressed, by glucose in the absence of PKA. Among these genes, some are also controlled by a redundant signalling pathway involving PKA activation, while others do not respond to an increase in cAMP concentration. On the other hand, among genes which do not respond to glucose in the absence of PKA, some show a full response to increased cAMP levels, even in the absence of glucose, while others appear to require the cooperation of different signalling pathways. The goal of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of PKA-independent glucose signalling in S. cerevisiae. To this end, we have used global transcription analysis to study the effects of glucose on yeast strains completely devoid of PKA activity. In S. cerevisiae three genes TPK1, TPK2,and TPK3 encode catalytic subunits of PKA. While strains expressing only one of these genes grow normally, a triple null mutant (tpk1 tpk2 tpk3) is not viable (Toda et al 1987). Identification of different mutations able to suppress the growth defect of the triple mutant (Garrett and Broach 1989, Reinders et al 1998, Smith et al 1998) has allowed to determine what is the crucial function of PKA. As shown in Fig.1, PKA is needed to counteract the negative effect of the protein kinase Yak1 on yeast growth (Hartley et al 1994, Moriya et al 2001). In the presence of PKA the protein kinase Rim15 (Reinders et al 1998) and the transcription factors Msn2 and Msn4 (Görner et al 1998) can be phosphorylated and exported to the cytoplasm, transcription of the YAK1 gene, which is activated by Msn2/Msn4 (Smith et al 1998), is reduced, Yak1 levels remain low and growth is not hindered. In the absence of PKA, Rim15 remains in the nucleus where it can activate Msn2/Msn4 (Cameroni et al 2004) that turn on YAK1 transcription, thus blocking growth. This explains why strains lacking Rim15, Msn2/Msn4 or Yak1 no longer require PKA for growth. In this work we have used two isogenic strains lacking PKA and carrying the suppressor mutations msn2 msn4 or yak1. Two different suppressor mutants were used with the aim to enable a dissection of effects of the lack of PKA and effects of the suppressor mutations themselves.
Project description:Saccharomyces cerevisiae developed elegant mechanisms to monitor nutrient availability and trigger adaptative responses to nutrient deficiency. Nutrient sensing requires close coordination of cell surface sensors with intracellular mechanisms. This yeast senses the presence of glucose by two modified hexose transporters, Rgt2 and Snf3 (regulating expression of genes encoding hexose transporters) and the G-protein coupled receptor Gpr1 (modulating Protein Kinase A (PKA) activity).. It has been difficult to differentiate between cellular responses mediated by cell surface and intracellular sensors, respectively. Using a strain that is devoid of glucose uptake, we show that the mere presence of glucose does not elicit any glucose-dependent transcriptional responses. This indicates that signals generated by surface sensors are not sufficient to mediate glucose-dependent transcriptional responses. Instead, intracellular glucose or metabolites derived from it are required for transcriptional changes associated with glucose exposure. We used microarrays from biological triplicate samples to measure the global transcriptional response to sudden addition of glucose to yeast cells growing at steady state on ethanol. The experiment was conducted using a strain that is devoid of glucose uptake and compared with an isogenic strain.