Gene expression during equine chorionic girdle development
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PROVIDER: PRJNA449929 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:We obtained placental issue between days 27 and 34 of pregnancy from matched mare and stallion pairs. We used whole transcriptome profiling in order to measure and compare gene expression in chorionic girdle trophoblast and adjacent regressing chorion at pregnancy day 27 (initiation of proliferation and prior to differentiation), day 30 (initiation of differentiation), day 31 (consolidation of differentiation and movement of cells) and day 34 (when the majority of the trophoblast cells have terminally differentiated into binucleate eCG-secreting trophoblast and have started to obtain invasive qualities and immunomodulatory capacities). Differentially expressed genes were then identified to determine functions and signalling pathways whose activity was modulated over this critical period of trophoblast development. A selection of genes and pathways were subsequently validated.
2018-08-31 | GSE113072 | GEO
Project description:Abstract Background During equine implantation, two trophoblast subpopulations are distinguished: the invasive (chorionic girdle) and non-invasive (allantochorion). The invasive chorionic girdle is believed to interact with the maternal immune system and contribute to embryo attachment to the endometrium. However, the mechanism regulating attachment and immune tolerance to these two distinct trophoblast subpopulations remain incompletely understood. The present study aimed to investigate the regulation of gene expression and the biological processes involved in trophoblast attachment, development and maintenance of immune tolerance by comparing the transcriptomes and methylomes of the allantochorion and chorionic girdle trophoblast before and after implantation, that is, between days 33 and 42 of gestation. Results Irrespective of gestational day, allantochorion (N=4) was enriched in TGFB and its receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2. Across implantation, expression of regulatory macrophage markers, as IL33, IL4|1, PLG-RKT, or CD163, also increased in that membrane in addition to TFEB and SERPINE1. Invasive chorionic girdle (CG33, N=4) had higher, than the non-invasive allantochorion (ALC33, N=4), expression of NLRC5, a transcriptional regulator of MHC I, and expression of that factor further decreased in allantochorion from gestational day 33 to 42. Furthermore, B2M, which encodes the MHC I light chain, was hypermethylated in the allantochorion. Some genes were differentially methylated and expressed between the two trophoblasts (CAVIN1, LHB, INSR) or beginning and end of implantation (IFNGR1, CD177). Analysis of GOterms and canonical pathways showed that both differentially expressed and methylated genes were involved in critical for implantation processes and pathways as these including cell movement and adhesion, TGFB signaling, fibrosis, wound healing, or leukocyte extravasation. Conclusions Allantochorion may contribute to the formation of the attachment with the endometrium and maintenance of maternal tolerance. Expression of IL33, IL4|1 or CD163 suggests involvement of regulatory macrophages in the implantation. TFEB might be involved in the support of allantochorion steroidogenic functions and maturation. Spatial-temporal differential methylation of genes expressed by the chorionic girdle and allantochorion may contribute to the control of trophoblast invasion and its attachment to endometrium. Finally, methylation of B2M and differential expression of NLRC5, are involved in the control of MHC I expression on equine trophoblasts during implantation. Background: During equine implantation, two distinct trophoblast subpopulations are identified: the invasive chorionic girdle (CG) and the non-invasive allantochorion. The invasive CG is believed to modulate the maternal immune response and facilitates embryo attachment to the endometrium, while the allantochorion contributes to placental development without breaching the endometrium. However, the mechanisms underlying differential adhesion and immune modulation by these two lineages remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of biological processes underlying trophoblast attachment, development and maintenance of immune tolerance by comparing the transcriptomes and methylomes of CG and allantochorion trophoblasts before and after implantation, that is, between gestational days 33 and 42. Results: Irrespective of gestational day, allantochorion (n=4) was enriched in TGFB and its receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2. Across the implantation window, expression of regulatory macrophage markers such as IL33, IL4|1, PLG-RKT, and CD163 increased in the allantochorion, along with upregulation of TFEB and SERPINE1. The invasive GC (CG33, n=4) showed higher expression of NLRC5, a transcriptional regulator of MHC I, compared to the non-invasive allantochorion (ALC33, n=4). Notably, NLRC5 expression declined in the allantochorion from day 33 to 42. Furthermore, B2M, which encodes the MHC I light chain, was hypermethylated in the allantochorion. Several genes, including CAVIN1, LHB, and INSR, were both differentially expressed and methylated between the two trophoblast types, while others, such as IFNGR1, CD177, showed differential regulation across the implantation window. Gene Ontology and pathway analyses revealed that differentially expressed and methylated genes were enriched in biological processes and pathways critical for implantation, including cell migration and adhesion, TGFB signaling, fibrosis, wound healing, and leukocyte extravasation.Conclusions: The allantochorion plays an active role in establishing the attachment to the endometrium and sustaining maternal immune tolerance during implantation. The upregulation of IL33, IL4|1, and CD163 suggests the that the allantochorion may promote the recruitment or polarization of macrophages toward a regulatory phenotype, thereby modulating the local immune environment. TFEB may contribute to the steroidogenic activity and functional maturation of the allantochorion. Spatial and temporal differences in gene methylation between CG and allantochorion suggest involvement of epigenetic regulation in trophoblast invasion and attachment to the endometrium. Finally, combined B2M hypermethylation and differential expression of NLRC5 point to epigenetic and transcriptional control of MHC I expression in the equine trophoblasts during implantation.
2025-08-05 | GSE303997 | GEO
Project description:26 limb-girdle muscular dystrophy patients from Latvia and 34 patients from Lithuania with clinical symptoms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, along with 204 healthy unrelated controls were genotyped for 96 most frequent known limb-girdle muscular dystrophies causing mutations for the region, using VeraCode GoldenGate system. More information can be found in article Robust genotyping tool for autosomal recessive type of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders by I. Inashkina et al.
2016-04-28 | E-MTAB-4662 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:IntroductionEquine chorionic girdle cells can give rise to the endometrial cup, a structure that secretes equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). To date, the mechanisms underlying the proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and hormone secretion of equine chorionic girdle cells are not fully understood. During human pregnancy, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is maternally expressed to stimulate the invasion and migration of human syncytiotrophoblast cells and influence the synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin. Although many previous studies reported the same upregulation of IL-6 during equine placentation, its effects on equine chorionic girdle cells have never been tested.MethodsIn this study, we tested the effects of different concentrations of IL-6 on the morphology, differentiation, proliferation, hormone production, invasion, migration, and gene expression profiles of equine chorionic girdle cells.ResultsWe found that, with respect to morphology and proliferation, IL-6 had no significant effect; with respect to eCG production, 30 ng/mL IL-6 significantly increased the expression of genes related to eCG production, whereas treatment with 70 ng/mL IL-6 downregulated these genes. However, no significant increase in intracellular protein levels or eCG secretion was observed following treatment with any concentration of IL-6. Regarding cell migration and invasion, we found that IL-6 treatment had no significant effect on the migration capability of equine chorionic girdle cells but did enhance the invasion capability of equine chorionic girdle cells and upregulated the expression of the invasion-related genes, Mmp2 and Mmp9. Finally, our transcriptomic study revealed that in equine chorionic girdle cells, IL-6 treatment mainly affected the expression of genes related to the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and the JAK-STAT signaling pathways, which are involved in immune and inflammatory responses.ConclusionsIn summary, this study demonstrates the positive effects of IL-6 on the cytokine secretion and invasive ability of equine chorionic girdle cells.
| S-EPMC11816123 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study was to identify transcription factors associated with differentiation of the chorionic girdle, the invasive form of equine trophoblast. The expression patterns of five transcription factors were determined on a panel of conceptus tissues from early horse pregnancy. Tissues from Days 15 through 46 were tested. Eomesodermin (EOMES), glial cells missing homologue 1 (GCM1), heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 1 (HAND1), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), and distal-less homeobox 3 (DLX3) were detected in horse trophoblast, but the expression patterns for these genes varied. EOMES had the most restricted distribution, while DLX3 CDX2, and HAND1 were widely expressed. GCM1 seemed to increase in the developing chorionic girdle, and this was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR assays. GCM1 expression preceded a striking increase in expression of equine chorionic gonadotropin beta (CGB) in the chorionic girdle, and binding sites for GCM1 were discovered in the promoter region of the CGB gene. GCM1, CGB, and CGA mRNA were expressed preferentially in binucleate cells as opposed to uninucleate cells of the chorionic girdle. Based on these findings, it is likely that GCM1 has a role in differentiation and function of the invasive trophoblast of the equine chorionic girdle and endometrial cups. The equine binucleate chorionic girdle (CG) secreting trophoblast shares molecular, morphological, and functional characteristics with human syncytiotrophoblast and represents a model for studies of human placental function.
| S-EPMC2804814 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We undertook gene expression microarray experiments to identify genes that are differentially expressed in invasive (Chorionic Girdle) and non-invasive (Chorion) placental tissue, and resting and Pokeweed Mitogen (PWM) stimulated horse lymphocytes. Conceptus tissues were dissected to obtain chorionic girdle, and chorion. Freshly isolated horse peripheral blood lymphocytes were split and harvested immediately, or stimulated with PWM and harvested over a five day period. These experiments utilized a commercially available Agilent horse array that featured >43,000 probes on a 4x44k array format. Three day 33-35 chorionic girdle RNAs were compared to matching chorion RNAs. Gene expression in resting lymphocytes was compared to gene expression in PWM treated lymphocytes.
2012-02-14 | E-GEOD-35742 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In the chorionic villi of placenta, trophoblasts and endothelial cells are present, and moreover mesenchymal cells (stromal cells) can be obtained. We generated cells with the mesenchymal phenotype from the chorionic mesoderm, and showed that: a) physiologically functioning cardiomyocytes were transdifferentiated from human placenta-derived chorionic villi cells, but these cells did not induce to osteoblasts and adipocytes ; b) the cardiomyogenic induction rate obtained using our system was relatively high compared to that obtained using the previously described method ; c) co-cultivation with fetal murine cardiomyocytes alone without transdifferentiation factors such as 5-azaC or oxytocin is sufficient for cardiomyogenesis in our system; d) Chorionic villi cells have the electrophysiological properties of 'working' cardiomyocytes. The chorionic mesoderm contained a large number of cells with a cardiomyogenic potential. Keywords: Cardiomyogenic induction
2007-02-17 | GSE7021 | GEO
Project description:The invasive trophoblast cells of the equine placenta migrate into the endometrium to form endometrial cups, dense accumulations of trophoblast cells that produce equine chorionic gonadotropin between days 40 and 120 of normal pregnancy. The mechanisms by which the trophoblast cells invade the endometrium while evading maternal immune destruction are poorly defined. A gene expression microarray analysis performed on placental tissues obtained at day 34 of gestation revealed a >900-fold upregulation of mRNA encoding the cytokine IL-22 in chorionic girdle relative to noninvasive chorion. Quantitative RT-PCR assays were used to verify high expression of IL-22 in chorionic girdle. Additional quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a striking increase in IL-22 mRNA expression in chorionic girdle from days 32 to 35 and an absence of IL-22 expression in other conceptus tissues. Bioinformatic analysis and cDNA sequencing confirmed the predicted length of horse IL-22, which carries a 3' extension absent in IL-22 genes of humans and mice, but present in the cow and pig. Our discovery of IL-22 in the chorionic girdle is a novel finding, as this cytokine has been previously reported in immune cells only. IL-22 has immunoregulatory functions, with primary action on epithelial cells. mRNA of IL-22R1 was detected in pregnant endometrium at levels similar to other equine epithelia. Based upon these findings, we hypothesize that IL-22 cytokine produced by the chorionic girdle binds IL-22R1 on endometrium, serving as a mechanism of fetal-maternal communication by modulating endometrial responses to trophoblast invasion.
| S-EPMC3746837 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Equine energy-storing SDFT tendon development, Proteomic analysis of IFM and fascicles through development
2021-09-08 | PXD012169 | Pride
Project description:We undertook gene expression microarray experiments to identify genes that are differentially expressed in invasive (Chorionic Girdle) and non-invasive (Chorion) placental tissue, and resting and Pokeweed Mitogen (PWM) stimulated horse lymphocytes. Conceptus tissues were dissected to obtain chorionic girdle, and chorion. Freshly isolated horse peripheral blood lymphocytes were split and harvested immediately, or stimulated with PWM and harvested over a five day period. These experiments utilized a commercially available Agilent horse array that featured >43,000 probes on a 4x44k array format.
2012-02-14 | GSE35742 | GEO