Human gut microbiome and virome under antibiotic treatment
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA588313 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR10418000_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10418000_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10423900_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10423900_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR10418001_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Evolution of antibiotic resistance in microbes is frequently achieved by acquisition of spontaneous mutations during antimicrobial therapy. Here we demonstrate that inactivation of a central regulator of iron homeostasis (fur) facilitates laboratory evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli. To decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms, we first performed a global transcriptome analysis and demonstrated a substantial reorganization of the Fur regulon in response to antibiotic treatment. We hypothesized that the impact of Fur on evolvability under antibiotic pressure is due to the elevated intracellular concentration of free iron and the consequent enhancement of oxidative damage-induced mutagenesis. In agreement with expectations, over-expression of iron storage proteins, inhibition of iron transport, or anaerobic conditions drastically suppressed the evolution of resistance, while inhibition of the SOS response-mediated mutagenesis had no such effect in fur deficient population. In sum, our work revealed the central role of iron metabolism in de novo evolution of antibiotic resistance, a pattern that could influence the development of novel antimicrobial strategies. We used microarrays to identify genotype specific transcriptional changes under severe DNA damaging conditions (antibiotic ciprofloxacin).
2014-09-11 | GSE55662 | GEO
Project description:Tan2012 - Antibiotic Treatment, Inoculum Effect
The efficacy of many antibiotics decreases with increasing bacterial density, a phenomenon called the ‘inoculum effect’ (IE). This study reveals that, for ribosome-targeting antibiotics, IE is due to bistable inhibition of bacterial growth, which reduces the efficacy of certain treatment frequencies.
This model is described in the article:
The inoculum effect and band-pass bacterial response to periodic antibiotic treatment.
Tan C, Phillip Smith R, Srimani JK, Riccione KA, Prasada S, Kuehn M, You L.
Mol Syst Biol. 2012 Oct 9; 8:617
Abstract:
The inoculum effect (IE) refers to the decreasing efficacy of an antibiotic with increasing bacterial density. It represents a unique strategy of antibiotic tolerance and it can complicate design of effective antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections. To gain insight into this phenomenon, we have analyzed responses of a lab strain of Escherichia coli to antibiotics that target the ribosome. We show that the IE can be explained by bistable inhibition of bacterial growth. A critical requirement for this bistability is sufficiently fast degradation of ribosomes, which can result from antibiotic-induced heat-shock response. Furthermore, antibiotics that elicit the IE can lead to 'band-pass' response of bacterial growth to periodic antibiotic treatment: the treatment efficacy drastically diminishes at intermediate frequencies of treatment. Our proposed mechanism for the IE may be generally applicable to other bacterial species treated with antibiotics targeting the ribosomes.
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2024-09-02 | BIOMD0000000425 | BioModels
Project description:Evolution of antibiotic resistance in microbes is frequently achieved by acquisition of spontaneous mutations during antimicrobial therapy. Here we demonstrate that inactivation of a central regulator of iron homeostasis (fur) facilitates laboratory evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli. To decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms, we first performed a global transcriptome analysis and demonstrated a substantial reorganization of the Fur regulon in response to antibiotic treatment. We hypothesized that the impact of Fur on evolvability under antibiotic pressure is due to the elevated intracellular concentration of free iron and the consequent enhancement of oxidative damage-induced mutagenesis. In agreement with expectations, over-expression of iron storage proteins, inhibition of iron transport, or anaerobic conditions drastically suppressed the evolution of resistance, while inhibition of the SOS response-mediated mutagenesis had no such effect in fur deficient population. In sum, our work revealed the central role of iron metabolism in de novo evolution of antibiotic resistance, a pattern that could influence the development of novel antimicrobial strategies. We used microarrays to identify genotype specific transcriptional changes under severe DNA damaging conditions (antibiotic ciprofloxacin). We treated Escherichia coli cells with a highly toxic level of ciprofloxacin (gyrase inhibitor) for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We planned to find genotype specific transcriptional responses using WT control (BW25113) and fur-knockout mutant (selected from the KEIO collection) strains during antibiotic treatments. For each treatment type we used two biological replicates.
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Project description:Erythromycin (ERY) is a commonly used antibiotic that can be found in wastewater effluents globally. Due to the mechanisms by which they kill and prevent bacterial growth, antibiotics can have significant unwanted impacts on the fish gut microbiome. The overall objective of this project was to assess the effects of erythromycin and an antibiotic mixture on fish gut microbiomes. The project was split into two experiments to assess gut microbiome in response to exposure with ERY alone or in mixture with other common antibiotics. The objectives of experiment 1 were to understand uptake and depuration of ERY in juvenile rainbow trout (RBT) over a 7 d uptake followed by a 7 d depuration period using three concentrations of ERY. Furthermore, throughout the study changes in gut microbiome response were assessed. In experiment 2, a follow-up study was conducted using an identical experimental design to assess the impacts of an antibiotic-mixture (ERY, ampicillin, metronidazole, and ciprofloxacin at 100 µg/g each). Here, three matrices were analyzed, with gut collected for 16s metabarcoding, plasma for untargeted metabolomics, and brain for mRNA-seq analysis. ERY was depurated from the fish relatively quickly and gut microbiome dysbiosis was observed at 7 d after exposure, with a slight recovery after the 7 d depuration period. A greater number of plasma metabolites was dysregulated at 14 d compared to 7 d revealing temporality compared to gut microbiome dysbiosis. Furthermore, several transformation products of antibiotics and biomarker metabolites were observed in plasma due to antibiotic exposure. Brain transcriptome revealed only slight alterations due to antibiotic exposure. The results of these studies will help inform aquaculture practitioners and risk assessors when assessing the potential impacts of antibiotics in fish feed and the environment, with implications for host health.
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Project description:Effect of cadaverine on gut microbiota composition under basal, antibiotic treatment and DSS-induced inflammation
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Project description:Abstract: Many mouse models of neurological disease use the tetracycline transactivator (tTA) system to control transgene expression by oral treatment with the broad-spectrum antibiotic doxycycline. Antibiotic treatment used for transgene control might have undesirable systemic effects, including the potential to affect immune responses in the brain via changes in the gut microbiome. Recent work has shown that an antibiotic cocktail to perturb the gut microbiome can suppress microglial reactivity to brain amyloidosis in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease based on controlled overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Here we assessed the impact of chronic low dose doxycycline on gut microbiome diversity and neuroimmune response to systemic LPS challenge in a tTA-regulated model of Alzheimer's amyloidosis. We show that doxycycline decreased microbiome diversity in both APP transgenic and wild-type mice and that these changes persisted long after drug withdrawal. Despite this change in microbiome composition, dox treatment had minimal effect on transcriptional signatures in the brain, both at baseline and following acute LPS challenge. Our findings suggest that central neuroinflammatory responses may be less affected by dox at doses needed for transgene control than by antibiotic cocktail at doses used for microbiome manipulation.
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Project description:We demonstrated that a maternal antibiotic treatment can change intestinal development of the offspring piglets permanently by showing that maternal gestational antibiotic treatment affects intestinal development in offspring piglets for a period of at least seven weeks after the antibiotic treatment in the sows was finished. It was shown that immediately after birth the piglets from amoxicillin treated sows, showed upregulation of genes involved in processes related to ‘tight junctions’ and ‘immunoglobulins’. In addition, these piglets had significantly lower number of goblet cells. Together, this may lead to a gut wall that is more rapidly closed in piglets from amoxicillin treated sows, affecting the uptake of immunoglobulins and the intestinal development. Later in life, around weaning, gene expression and morphological data indicate that the crypts of piglets from amoxicillin treated sows deepen around weaning as an effect of the amoxicillin treatment which in combination with the upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle processes, ribosomal activity and protein degradation might imply that the intestinal development, the subsequent differentiation of cells or the timing of these processes was delayed by the maternal antibiotic treatment.
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Project description:The early life microbiome plays important roles in host immunological and metabolic development. Because type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence has been increasing substantially in recent decades, we hypothesized that early-life antibiotic use alters gut microbiota that predisposes to disease. Using NOD mice that are genetically susceptible to T1D, we examined the effects of exposure to either continuous low-dose antibiotics or pulsed therapeutic antibiotics (PAT) early in life, mimicking childhood exposures. We found that in mice receiving PAT, T1D incidence was significantly higher, microbial community composition and structure differed compared with controls. In pre-diabetic male PAT mice, the intestinal lamina propria had lower Th17 and T reg proportions and intestinal SAA expression than in controls, suggesting key roles in transducing the altered microbiota signals. PAT affected microbial lipid metabolism and host cholesterol biosynthetic gene expression. These findings show that early-life antibiotic treatments alter the gut microbiota and its metabolic capacities, intestinal gene expression, and T-cell populations, accelerating T1D onset in NOD mice.
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