Adaptive laboratory evolution has proven highly effective for obtaining microorganisms with enhanced capabilities. Yet, this method is inherently restricted to the traits that are positively linked to cell fitness, such as nutrient utilization. Here, we introduce coevolution of obligatory mutuali...
Limited resource availability in the gut promotes competitive interactions between bacteria, which drive adaptive within-host evolution. While the role of bacterial adaptive evolution of bacterial communities has been extensively studied, its functional implications for host physiology remain unk...