Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is most frequent in immunosuppressed patients, especially among those receiving immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune diseases, being TNF antagonist (anti-TNF) one of the main immunosuppressants used. Under these conditions, VL is most severe, with lower response to tr...
Recent clinical LD field isolates still showed antimony resistance (LD-R) even after the withdrawal of pentavalent antimonials in treating Visceral leishmaniasis in India decades back due to the emergence of antimony resistance. Clinical infection with LD-R results in aggressive pathogenesis charact...
