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UnknownImpact of BCG vaccination on the repertoire of human γδ T cell receptors.

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is a serious threat to human health. Vaccination with BCG prevents the development of the most severe forms of TB disease in infants and was recently shown to prevent Mtb infection in previously uninfe...
S-EPMC10089282 | biostudies-literature
UnknownCross-Reactive CD8 T-Cell Responses Elicited by Adenovirus Type 5-Based HIV-1 Vaccines Contributed to Early Viral Evolution in Vaccine Recipients Who Became Infected.
Because of HIV's vast sequence diversity, the ability of the CD8 T-cell response to recognize several variants of a single epitope is an important consideration for vaccine design. Cross-recognition of viral epitopes by CD8 T cells is associated with viral control during HIV-1 infection, but little ...
S-EPMC6955250 | biostudies-literature
UnknownEvidence for antibody as a protective correlate for COVID-19 vaccines.
A correlate of protection (CoP) is urgently needed to expedite development of additional COVID-19 vaccines to meet unprecedented global demand. To assess whether antibody titers may reasonably predict efficacy and serve as the basis of a CoP, we evaluated the relationship between efficacy and in vit...
S-EPMC8142841 | biostudies-literature
UnknownComprehensive epitope mapping using polyclonally expanded human CD8 T cells and a two-step ELISpot assay for testing large peptide libraries.
The genetic diversity of circulating HIV-1 strains poses a major barrier to the design, development and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines. The assessment of both vaccine- and natural infection-elicited T cell responses is commonly done with multivalent peptides that are designed to maximally capture the ...
S-EPMC8008507 | biostudies-literature
UnknownARTEMIS: A Novel Mass-Spec Platform for HLA-Restricted Self and Disease-Associated Peptide Discovery.
Conventional immunoprecipitation/mass spectroscopy identification of HLA-restricted peptides remains the purview of specializing laboratories, due to the complexity of the methodology, and requires computational post-analysis to assign peptides to individual alleles when using pan-HLA antibodies. We...
S-EPMC8111693 | biostudies-literature
UnknownA combination of TLR-4 agonist and saponin adjuvants increases antibody diversity and protective efficacy of a recombinant West Nile Virus antigen.
Members of the Flaviviridae family are the leading causes of mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide. While dengue virus is the most prevalent, the recent Zika virus outbreak in the Americas triggered a WHO public health emergency, and yellow fever and West Nile viruses (WNV) continue to cause...
S-EPMC6158298 | biostudies-literature
UnknownA Modular Cytokine Analysis Method Reveals Novel Associations With Clinical Phenotypes and Identifies Sets of Co-signaling Cytokines Across Influenza Natural Infection Cohorts and Healthy Controls.
Cytokines and chemokines are key signaling molecules of the immune system. Recent technological advances enable measurement of multiplexed cytokine profiles in biological samples. These profiles can then be used to identify potential biomarkers of a variety of clinical phenotypes. However, testing f...
S-EPMC6594355 | biostudies-literature
UnknownBacktranslation of human RNA biosignatures of tuberculosis disease risk into the preclinical pipeline is condition dependent.
It is unclear whether human progression to active tuberculosis disease (TB) risk signatures are viable endpoint criteria for evaluations of treatments in development. TB is the deadliest infectious disease globally and more efficacious vaccines are needed to reduce this mortality. However, the immun...
S-EPMC11774039 | biostudies-literature
UnknownAdolescent BCG revaccination induces a phenotypic shift in CD4+ T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
A recent clinical trial demonstrated that Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) revaccination of adolescents reduced the risk of sustained infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). In a companion phase 1b trial, HVTN 602/Aeras A-042, we characterize in-depth the cellular responses to BCG revaccinati...
S-EPMC11189459 | biostudies-literature
UnknownEpidemiological factors associated with immunological resistance in household contacts exposed to active tuberculosis in South Africa: A logistic regression analysis.

Introduction

Studying individuals who do not get infected with tuberculosis (TB) despite being persistently exposed to infectious TB may enable us to identify TB protective mechanisms.

Methods

Between Apr 2015 and Apr 2017, we recruited adult household contacts (HHCs) of index TB case...
S-EPMC12364365 | biostudies-literature
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