The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics and roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under two culture conditions: undifferentiated MSCs (Naïve-EVs) and MSCs undergoing early-stage osteogenesis (Osteo-EVs). Additionally, the study...
Vascular calcification and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness are hallmarks of vascular ageing. Sox9 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9) is a master regulator of chondrogenesis, also expressed in the vasculature, that has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteo-chondroge...
