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ProteomicsThe venom and telopodal defence systems of the centipede Lithobius forficatus are functionally convergent serial homologues
We used a combination of morphological, behavioural, proteomic and transcriptomic data to show that venom and telopodal gland systems of Lithobius forficatus are serial homologues that were convergently weaponized to function in predation and defence.
ORGANISM(S): Lithobius forficatus 
2024-05-08 | PXD025512 | Pride
Venom Defensive secretion Evolution Chilopoda Telopodal glands 
ProteomicsIntra-colony venom diversity contributes to maintaining eusociality in a cooperatively breeding ant
Background: Eusociality is widely considered to evolve through kin selection, where the reproductive success of an individual’s close relative is favored at the expense of its own. High genetic relatedness is thus considered a prerequisite for eusociality. While ants are textbook examples of eusocia...
ORGANISM(S): Rhytidoponera metallica 
2022-12-09 | PXD037863 | Pride
Formicidae  kin selection  group selection  eusocial  peptide  toxin 
ProteomicsPeptide toxins that target vertebrate voltage-gated sodium channels underly the painful stings of harvester ants
Harvester ants (genus Pogonomyrmex) are notable for their stings which cause intense, long-lasting pain and other neurotoxic symptoms in vertebrates. Here we show that harvester ant venoms are relatively simple and composed largely of peptide toxins. One class of peptides is primarily responsible fo...
ORGANISM(S): Pogonomyrmex 
2024-06-16 | PXD043773 | Pride
Pain Hymenoptera Venoms Defence Ants 
ProteomicsVenom composition of the ant Tetraponera rufonigra reveals insights into the evolution of dimeric ant venom peptides
The majority of ant species are venomous, and in most lineages, peptide toxins dominate venom composition. Here we investigated the venom of the ant Tetraponera rufonigra (subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae). The major active component, Tr1a, is a homodimeric peptide that is cytolytic, activates mammalian s...
ORGANISM(S): Tetraponera rufonigra 
2026-09-14 | PXD078479 | Pride
Formicidae  pseudomyrmecinae  peptide  sting  pain  homodimer  heterodimer  convergent evolution 
ProteomicsVenom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana
Most species of bee are capable of delivering a defensive sting which is often painful. A solitary lifestyle is the ancestral state of bees and most extant species are solitary, but information on bee venoms comes predominantly from studies on eusocial species. In this study we investigated the veno...
ORGANISM(S): Xylocopa aruana 
2023-03-11 | PXD038183 | Pride
Xylopin Xylopinin Apidae Toxin Apamin Melittin Hymenoptera Carpenter bee 
ProteomicsExaptation of an evolutionary constraint enables behavioural control over the composition of secreted venom in giant centipedes
Venoms are biochemical arsenals that have emerged in numerous animal lineages, where they have coevolved with morphological and behavioural traits for venom production and delivery. In centipedes, venom evolution is thought to be constrained by the morphological complexity of their venom glands due ...
ORGANISM(S): Scolopendra morsitans 
2024-08-29 | PXD048264 | Pride
Centipede Venom modulation Mass spectrometry imaging Defence Venom gland Predation 
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