Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an herbaceous annual crop of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae). It is increasingly cultivated for its nutritious grains, which are rich in protein and essential amino acids, lipids, and minerals. Quinoa exhibits a high tolerance towards various abi...
Seed aging leads to reduced germination rates and vigor, particularly under stress conditions. We subjected aged maize seeds to 40 seconds of ultrasonic treatment, which enhanced their vigor and tolerance to combined stress. The ultrasonic treatment increased more cracks and holes in the seed coa...