Systemin was identified in 1991 as the first plant signaling peptide, and is required for defense against insect herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens in tomato plants. Systemin was first conceived as a hormone-like, long-distance messenger mediating the activation of systemic defense responses far ...
Attack by the host powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum usually results in successful penetration and rapid proliferation of the fungus on Arabidopsis. By contrast, the nonhost barley powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) typically fails to penetrate Arabidopsis epidermal cells. In b...
Plasma membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) percieve host-derived phytocytokines (e.g. systemin) and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs; e.g. flg22 and chitin). Upon ligand binding, activation of PRRs induces similar early phosphorylation-regulated responses including ex...
We report that an intracellular NLR immune receptor from monocotyledonous barley is fully functional in dicotyledonous Arabidopsis thaliana. In contrast to common belief in plant NLR biology, this implies ~150 million years of evolutionary conservation of the underlying immune mechanism. This also s...
