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Anti-TNF therapy has transformed the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however little is known about its effects on cell mediated immune responses and TNF-inducible activity at the site of inflammation. Here, we used the tuberculin skin test (TST) as a standardised in vivo human challenge mod...
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens 
We tested the hypothesis that anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy reduces TNF-inducible gene expression in blood. Whole peripheral blood from healthy volunteers and rheumatoid arthritis patients (treated with the monoclonal anti-TNF antibody adalimumab, the soluble TNF receptor etanercept or th...
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens 
We measured TNFα activity on the transcriptional level by identifying TNFα-inducible genes in human blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). On the basis that TNFα does not act in isolation, we used bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a prototypic model of a stimulus to invoke secretion of a w...
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens 
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including the globally successful Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, suggests viral adaptation to enhance human-to-human transmission. Although much effort has focused on characterisation of spike changes, Alpha mutations outside spike likely contribute to a...
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens 
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