Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Comparative genomics of ten clinical Candida albicans strains

ABSTRACT: Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen in humans. C.albicans tolerates aneuploidy of all of its chromosomes. Genome plasticity is a hallmark of C.albicans. It is an adaptation strategy of this species. But questions like the extent of such genomic variability, which genes contribute to the divergence, and what mechanisms drive the adaptive genetic change, are not well answered yet. We used array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) to investigate the diversity of gene contents of 10 clinical C.albicans strains, of various anatomical origins and genotypes. One self to self hybridization was included as a control.

ORGANISM(S): Candida albicans

SUBMITTER: Feng Yang

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-20509 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:The capacity to sense and transduce temperature signals pervades all aspects of biology, and temperature exerts powerful control over the development and virulence of diverse pathogens. In the leading fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, temperature has a profound impact on morphogenesis, a key virulence trait. Many cues that induce the transition from yeast to filamentous growth are contingent on a minimum temperature of 37ÂºC, while further elevatation to 39ÂºC serves as an independent inducing cue. The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a key regulator of C. albicans temperature-dependent morphogenesis, as induction of filamentous growth requires relief from Hsp90-mediated repression of the morphogenetic program. Compromise of Hsp90 function genetically, pharmacologically, or by elevated temperature induces filamentation in a manner that depends on protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, but is independent of the terminal transcription factor, Efg1. Here, we determine that despite morphological and regulatory differences, inhibition of Hsp90 induces a transcriptional profile similar to that induced by other filamentation cues, and does so in a manner that is independent of Efg1. Further, we identify Hms1 as a transcriptional regulator required for morphogenesis induced by elevated temperature or compromise of Hsp90 function. Hms1 functions downstream of the cyclin Pcl, and the cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85, both of which are required for temperature-dependent filamentation. Upon Hsp90 inhibition, Hms1 binds to DNA elements involved in filamentous growth, including UME6 and RBT5, and regulates their expression, providing a mechanism through which Pho85, Pcl1, and Hms1 govern morphogenesis. Consistent with the importance of morphogenetic flexibility with virulence, deletion of C. albicans HMS1 attenuates virulence in a metazoan model of infection. Thus, we establish a new mechanism through which Hsp90 orchestrates C. albicans morphogenesis, and define novel regulatory circuitry governing a temperature-dependent developmental program, with broad implications for temperature sensing and virulence of microbial pathogens. Two-color experimental design testing the effect of geldanamycin on wild type of delta-efg1 cells. RNA from each replicate came from independent cultures.

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Comparative genomics of ten clinical Candida albicans strains

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