Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Toxicogenomics of Eohaustorius estuarius following pyrethroid and ammonia exposure

ABSTRACT: A variety of contaminants find their way to the marine sediments from different sources, and these contaminants can pose serious risks to the natural marine flora and fauna. For example, pyrethroids, which are a potent pesticide family, are often used in agriculture fields worldwide, and these find their way into the marine environment through run off. Further, pyrethroids are used in farmed Atlantic salmon cages in Chile, Great Britain and Norway. Ammonia is another contaminant that is used in agriculture in form of ammonia-rich fertilizer and can be carried during run-offs to localized rivers and streams. Ammonia is also detectable after emission of effluents from sewage treatment plants and industrial plants like oil refineries and meat processing plants. Contaminants may have short and long term effects on non-target organisms living in the water column or in the marine sediment. Importantly, the sediment ecosystem houses a variety of plants, animals and crustaceans, including the American lobster Homarus americanus. Lobster is the most fished crustacean in New Brunswick and Quebec and its resale and exportation produced over $1.6 billion in 2011. Due to its economic and environmental importance, it is essential to study the effects of contaminants present in its ecosystem. Sediment samples are often used as pollution markers during toxicity testing due to their tendency to accumulate hydrophobic contaminants. To better understand the possible effects of contaminants in sediment, a total gene expression study was developed using the marine amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius. A 10 day spike-in exposure was performed using ammonia and two pyrethroids, namely cypermethrin and deltamethrin. As pyrethroids and ammonia are known to have vastly different mechanisms of action in living organisms, we compared global gene expression patterns following exposure to ammonia against the patterns observed following exposure to pyrethroids. Total gene expression was measured by oligonucleotide microarray. The expression of five genes of interest involved in different biological processes such as metabolism, transcription, translation, immunity and stress, which were found to be differently expressed by microarray, was validated by RT-qPCR. A set of genes was identified that showed differential expression levels in a treatment-dependent manner, thus further highlighting the different mechanisms of action of ammonia and pyrethroids in the marine sediment. This study provides a proof of concept for the use of DNA microarrays with model crustaceans for the study of marine sediment contaminants. This specific study is aimed at evaluating the effect of ammonia and pyrethroid exposure on E.estuarius and to identify possible biomarkers of these exposures.

ORGANISM(S): Eohaustorius estuarius

SUBMITTER: Paula Jackman

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-54214 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:A variety of contaminants find their way to the marine sediments from different sources, and these contaminants can pose serious risks to the natural marine flora and fauna. For example, pyrethroids, which are a potent pesticide family, are often used in agriculture fields worldwide, and these find their way into the marine environment through run off. Further, pyrethroids are used in farmed Atlantic salmon cages in Chile, Great Britain and Norway. Ammonia is another contaminant that is used in agriculture in form of ammonia-rich fertilizer and can be carried during run-offs to localized rivers and streams. Ammonia is also detectable after emission of effluents from sewage treatment plants and industrial plants like oil refineries and meat processing plants. Contaminants may have short and long term effects on non-target organisms living in the water column or in the marine sediment. Importantly, the sediment ecosystem houses a variety of plants, animals and crustaceans, including the American lobster Homarus americanus. Lobster is the most fished crustacean in New Brunswick and Quebec and its resale and exportation produced over $1.6 billion in 2011. Due to its economic and environmental importance, it is essential to study the effects of contaminants present in its ecosystem. Sediment samples are often used as pollution markers during toxicity testing due to their tendency to accumulate hydrophobic contaminants. To better understand the possible effects of contaminants in sediment, a total gene expression study was developed using the marine amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius. A 10 day spike-in exposure was performed using ammonia and two pyrethroids, namely cypermethrin and deltamethrin. As pyrethroids and ammonia are known to have vastly different mechanisms of action in living organisms, we compared global gene expression patterns following exposure to ammonia against the patterns observed following exposure to pyrethroids. Total gene expression was measured by oligonucleotide microarray. The expression of five genes of interest involved in different biological processes such as metabolism, transcription, translation, immunity and stress, which were found to be differently expressed by microarray, was validated by RT-qPCR. A set of genes was identified that showed differential expression levels in a treatment-dependent manner, thus further highlighting the different mechanisms of action of ammonia and pyrethroids in the marine sediment. This study provides a proof of concept for the use of DNA microarrays with model crustaceans for the study of marine sediment contaminants.

Project description:The potential for xenoestrogens and other environmental chemicals to alter female reproductive function calls for the study of their affects on endogenous hormone-regulated gene expression pathways during uterine tissue remodeling which occurs as part of the menstrual/estrus cycle. However, our knowledge of these pathways is limited. Here, we characterize changes in the CD-1 mouse uterine transcriptome during proestrus and estrus, which are regulated by estrogen and progesterone in preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. Mice were staged beginning at 6 wk of age and uterine horns were harvested after monitoring two estrus cycles. Microarray analysis identified 2,429 genes differentially expressed in estrus compared to proestrus, indicating that the mouse uterus undergoes remarkable remodeling during the estrus cycle, affecting ~10% of all protein-coding genes. Changes in gene expression associated with structural alteration of the uterus include remodeling of the extracellular matrix, changes in cell keratins and adhesion molecules, activation of mitosis, MHC class II presentation, complement and coagulation cascades, and cytochrome P450 expression. Signaling pathways regulated during the estrus cycle, involving ligand-gated channels, Wnt and hedgehog signaling, and several transcription factors with poorly understood roles in reproductive tissues, include several genes and gene networks that have been implicated in pathological states. The information presented here builds a background for understanding of mechanisms involved in uterine tissue response to endocrine disruptors and the development of reproductive tract diseases. Beginning on postnatal day 42, female CD-1 mice were monitored for reproductive stage cycle for 2 consecutive cycles and then total RNA was isolated from uterine horns at estrus or proestrus. Samples were pooled for microarray as follows. Six litters were used to generate 2 tissue pools for estrus and 2 tissue pools for proestrus, with estrus pool 1 and proestrus pool 1 comprised of mice from the same 3 litters, and estrus pool 2 and proestrus pool 2 comprised of mice from the other 3 litters. Each pool was comprised of uterine tissue RNA from n= 4-6 individual mice. Fluorescent labeling of RNA and hybridization of the Alexa 555-labeled (green) and Alexa 647-labeled (red) RNA samples to Agilent-026655 Whole Mouse Genome Microarray 4x44K v2 (Agilent Technology, Palo Alto, CA; catalog # G4846A) were carried out, with dye swapping for each estrus cycle stage comparison.

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Toxicogenomics of Eohaustorius estuarius following pyrethroid and ammonia exposure

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