ABSTRACT: To confirm how many and what kind of gene changes within 1 hour treatment of insulin stimulation, we have performed whole genome microarray expression profiling. And we found that 276 genes increased (>2 fold) or decreased (<0.5 fold) 10nM insulin induced gene expression in Fao cells was measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 min.
Project description:To confirm how many and what kind of gene changes within 1 hour treatment of insulin stimulation, we have performed whole genome microarray expression profiling. And we found that 276 genes increased (>2 fold) or decreased (<0.5 fold)
Project description:Obesity-induced insulin resistance of the liver is characterised by increased gluconeogenesis, which contributes to elevated blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Research into how fatty acids induce insulin resistance has commonly focused on the induction of insulin resistance. We hypothesise that by shifting focus to the reversal of an insulin resistant phenotype, novel insights can be made into the mechanisms by which insulin resistance can be overcome. Using global gene and lipid expression profiling, we aimed to identify biological pathways altered in parallel with restoration of palmitate-induced deregulation of glucose production using metformin and sodium salicylate. FAO hepatoma cells were treated with palmitate (0.075mM, 48h) with or without metformin (0.25mM) and sodium salicylate (2mM) in the final 24h of palmitate treatment, and effects on glucose production were determined. Microarray followed by gene set enrichment analysis was performed to investigate pathway regulation. A lipidomic analysis (HPLC-MS/MS) and measurement of secreted bile acids and cholesterol were performed. Reversal of palmitate-induced impairment of glucose production by metformin and sodium salicylate was characterised by down-regulated expression of metabolic pathways regulating acetyl-CoA to cholesterol and bile acid biosynthesis. Total levels of intracellular and secreted cholesterol and bile acids were not different between impaired and restored glucose production. Total intracellular levels of diacylgycerol, triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters increased with palmitate (impaired glucose production), however, these were not further altered with metformin and sodium salicylate (restored glucose production). Six individual lipid species containing 18:0 and 18:1 side-chains were reduced by metformin and sodium salicylate. Widespread lipid metabolism changes induced by the reversal of palmitate-induced deregulation of glucose production with metformin and sodium salicylate were identified. While cholesterol and bile acid levels remained unchanged, the flux through these pathways may in part explain these findings. The identification of lipid species containing 18:0 and 18:1 side chains being regulated alongside changes to glucose production may indicate potential mediators of glucose production and insulin resistance. Three-condition experiment, Vehicle, Palmitate (PA) and Palmitate (PA) + Metformin (Met) + Sodium Sailcylate (NaS) with biological replicates: 8 Vehicle, 20 PA and 20 PA+Met+NaS , independently grown and harvested. One replicate per array.
Project description:Identifying the effect of the co-regulator Hic-5 (TGFB1I1) on global androgen receptor transcriptional activity in PShTert-AR prostate fibroblast cells with view to further elucidating the broader biological role of Hic-5 on fibroblast spceific androgen signaling. Knockdown of Hic5 for 48 hours in PShTert-AR cells significantly altered the androgen regulation of approximately 1347 genes. The effect of Hic-5 knockdown was to suppress androgen regulation of approximately 85% of those transcripts, by either reducing androgen mediated repression or activition of gene expression. PShTert-AR cells were transfected with 10nM non-specific control siRNA (NS) or with commercially avaliable Hic-5 specific siRNA (siHic5) for 24hrs. Cells were kept in 5% hormone stripped FBS RPMI for a further 24 hours and subsequently treated with either ethanol vehicle control or 10nM DHT for 16hr. Total RNA was extracted. Nine independent vehicle and 9 DHT siNS and siHic5 samples were pooled into three groups of vechicle and DHT treated siNS and siHic5 samples and hybrydised to Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST array chips.
Project description:Cells were cotreated with dihydrotestosterone, progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate and estrdiol to assess the combinatorial effects of hormone exposure in breast cancer cells Cells were plated in hormone stripped media for 56h, followed by treatment for 16h with 10nM of the nominated hormone(s)
Project description:In this study, we demonstrate that insulin is produced not only in the mammalian pancreas but also in adult neuronal cells derived from hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Paracrine Wnt3 plays an essential role in promoting the active expression of insulin in both hippocampus and olfactory bulb-derived neural stem cells. Our analysis indicates that the balance between Wnt3, which triggers the expression of insulin via NeuroD1 transcription factor, and IGFBP-4, which inhibits the original Wnt3 action, is regulated depending on the diabetic status. We also show that adult neural progenitors derived from diabetic animals retain the ability to give rise to insulin-producing cells and that grafting neuronal progenitors into the pancreas of diabetic animals reduces glucose levels. This study provides an example of a simple and direct use of adult stem cells from one organ to another, without introducing additional inductive genes. In this study, we demonstrate that insulin is produced not only in the mammalian pancreas but also in adult neuronal cells derived from hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Paracrine Wnt3 plays an essential role in promoting the active expression of insulin in both hippocampus and olfactory bulb-derived neural stem cells. Our analysis indicates that the balance between Wnt3, which triggers the expression of insulin via NeuroD1 transcription factor, and IGFBP-4, which inhibits the original Wnt3 action, is regulated depending on the diabetic status. We also show that adult neural progenitors derived from diabetic animals retain the ability to give rise to insulin-producing cells and that grafting neuronal progenitors into the pancreas of diabetic animals reduces glucose levels. This study provides an example of a simple and direct use of adult stem cells from one organ to another, without introducing additional inductive genes. Total four different samples, gene expressions in hippocampal derived neural stem cells (HPC NSC), that in Olfactory bulb-derived neural stem cells (OB NSC), that in neurons derived from the HPC NSCs (HPC Neu) and that in neurons derived from the OB NSCs (OB Neu) were independently analyzed. Three independent experiments were performed to prepare each cell sample, and the extracted total RNAs from each cell source were mixed to apply following microarray analysis (Four independent RNA sample; HPC NSC, OB NSC, HPC Neu and OB Neu).
Project description:Little is known about metabolic changes accompanying endothelial cell (EC) quiescence. Nonetheless, when dysfunctional, quiescent ECs (QECs) contribute to multiple cardiovascular diseases. ECs need fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) for proliferation. Surprisingly, we now report that QECs are not hypo-metabolic, but upregulate FAO >3-fold higher than proliferating ECs (PECs), not to support biomass or energy production, but to sustain the TCA cycle for redox homeostasis through NADPH production. Hence, inhibition of FAO-controlling CPT1A promotes EC dysfunction (anti-fibrinolysis, leukocyte infiltration, barrier disruption) by increasing oxidative stress in CPT1AΔEC mice with endothelial CPT1A loss. Mechanistically, Notch1 orchestrates the use of FAO for redox balance in QECs. Supplementation of acetate (metabolized to acetyl-CoA) induces vasculoprotection against oxidative stress and EC dysfunction in CPT1AΔEC mice, possibly creating therapeutic opportunities. Thus, ECs use FAO for vasculoprotection against their high oxygen (oxidative stress-prone) milieu, and for different metabolic purposes dependent on their proliferation versus quiescence status.
Project description:This study was undertaken to compare efficacy of MJC13 and the classic AR antagonist flutamide. Both compounds modulate endogenous AR target gene expression in Prostate cancer cells in a similar fashion despite different mechanisms of action. LNCaP cells were seeded within 6-well dishes at density of 1 à 100,000 within RPMI 1640 media supplemented with L-glutamine and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), day 2 the media replaced with RPMI 1640 media supplemented with L-glutamine and 10% charcoal-stripped FBS, day 3 the cells were treated with DMSO (control), 10nM DHT, 1μM Flutamide, 1μM Flutamide + 10nM DHT, 30μM MJC13, or 30μM MJC13 + 10nM DHT for 24 hours, after which total RNA was isolated.
Project description:Type 1 interferons (IFNs) induce complex responses that can be beneficial or deleterious, depending on context. Greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of these cytokines could allow new therapeutic approaches. We found that type 1 IFNs induced changes in cellular metabolism that were critical for changes in target cell function. This was apparent in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which are specialized for type 1 IFN production, where toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9)-dependent activation was found to be dependent on increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) induced by autocrine signaling through the type 1 IFN receptor (IFNAR). Type 1 IFNs also induced FAO/OXPHOS in non-hematopoietic cells and were found to be responsible for increased FAO/OXPHOS in virus-infected cells. Increased FAO/OXPHOS in response to IFNAR signaling was regulated by the nuclear receptor PPARα. Our findings reveal PPARα/FAO/OXPHOS as potential targets to therapeutically modulate downstream effects of type 1 IFNs. mRNA profiles of overnight stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells, activated with CpG or INFa. Samples analyzed in triplicate, with HiSeq 2500 byâ/ 50bpX25bp pair-end sequencing
Project description:We have performed methylation microarray analysis of two types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), using two kind of samples, frozen brain tissue and lymphoblastoid cell lines.