Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Mouse F2 Cross, High Fat Diet, fat tissue

ABSTRACT: Gene transcription in epididymal fat pads was investigated in an F2 cross of 129S6 x Balb/c mice using Illumina gene expression arrays. Expression data was determined in 5 months old male mice fed a high fat diet (40% fat) for 15 weeks.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Georg Otto

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-385 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:During lactation, mammary epithelial secretory cells secrete huge amounts of milk from their apical side. The major milk proteins, the caseins, are secreted by exocytosis, while milk fat globules are released by budding, enwrapped by the plasma membrane. Due to the number and large size of milk fat globules, the membrane surface needed for their secretion might exceed that of the apical plasma membrane. In order to identify the cellular compartments that may provide membrane during the budding of milk fat globules, a large-scale proteomics analysis of both cytoplasmic lipid droplets and secreted milk fat globules membranes was performed in mouse cells. The differential analysis of the protein profiles of these two organelles strongly suggest that, in addition to the apical plasma membrane, at least the endoplasmic reticulum, the secretory vesicles containing caseins, and potentially the mitochondria contribute to the formation of the milk fat globule membrane. Moreover, the specific analysis of the membrane-associated as well as the raft-associated proteins reinforces this possibility and points to a role for lipid rafts in milk product secretion. The subcellular localization of several major proteins of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets or of the milk fat globule membrane was investigated by immunofluorescence in lactating mammary epithelial cells. Furthermore, the localization of GM1 ganglioside, a known marker of lipid rafts and of free cholesterol, showed a clear association with both cytoplasmic lipid droplets and secreted milk fat globules. Additionally, the presence of some SNARE proteins that may be involved in casein exocytosis and of two Rab GTPases on both cytoplasmic lipid droplets and milk fat globules was demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Altogether, our results provide evidence for a pivotal role of the endoplasmic reticulum as membrane contributor to milk fat globule budding, and suggest that some SNARE proteins may spatio-temporally coordinate the secretion of milk products.

Project description:We studied the effect of dietary fat type, varying in polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio's (P/S) on development of metabolic syndrome. C57Bl/6J mice were fed purified high-fat diets (45E% fat) containing palm oil (HF-PO; P/S 0.4), olive oil (HF-OO; P/S 1.1) or safflower oil (HF-SO; P/S 7.8) for 8 weeks. A low-fat palm oil diet (LF-PO; 10E% fat) was used as a reference. Additionally, we analyzed diet-induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. The HF-PO diet induced a higher body weight gain and liver triglyceride content compared to the HF-OO, HF-SO or LF-PO diet. In the intestine, the HF-PO diet reduced microbial diversity and increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Although this fits a typical obesity profile, our data clearly indicate that an overflow of the HF-PO diet to the distal intestine, rather than obesity itself, is the main trigger for these gut microbiota changes. A HF-PO diet-induced elevation of lipid metabolism-related genes in the distal small intestine confirmed the overflow of palm oil to the distal intestine. Some of these lipid metabolism-related genes were previously already associated with the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, our data indicate that saturated fat (HF-PO) has a more stimulatory effect on weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation than unsaturated fat (HF-OO and HF-SO). The overflow of fat to the distal intestine on the HF-PO diet induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. We speculate that both are directly or indirectly contributive to the saturated fat-induced development of obesity and hepatic steatosis. Keywords: Diet intervention study Nine-week-old C57Bl/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LF-PO) and three different types of high-fat diet, based on palm oil (HF-PO; P/S1.0), olive oil (HF-OO; P/S4.6) and safflower oil (HF-SO; P/S10.1) for 8 weeks. Body weight was recorded weekly and after 7 weeks of diet intervention an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. After 2 weeks of diet intervention, 6 mice per high-fat diet group were anaesthetized with a mixture of isofluorane (1.5%), nitrous oxide (70%) and oxygen (30%) and the small intestines were excised. Adhering fat and pancreatic tissue were carefully removed. The small intestines were divided in three equal parts along the proximal to distal axis (SI 1, SI 2 and SI 3) and microarray analysis was performed on mucosal scrapings.

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Mouse F2 Cross, High Fat Diet, fat tissue

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