Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Spatial organization of transcribed eukaryotic genes (ChIP-seq)

ABSTRACT: The nuclear organization of the genome is accepted as an important feature of gene expression regulation. However, it has remained unknown what the spatial organization of a single transcribed gene is. Here, we made use of several long highly expressed mammalian genes to describe their structure and spatial arrangement during transcription. We demonstrate that an expressed gene forms a transcription loop with RNA polymerases moving along the loop and carrying nascent RNAs that undergo co-transcriptional splicing. Transcription loops dynamically modify their harboring loci and extend into the nuclear interior due to their intrinsic stiffness. We hypothesize that the stiffness of the transcription loop arises due to a dense decoration of gene-axis with multiple voluminous nascent ribonucleoprotein particles, thus creating a stiff polymer bottlebrush. and provide supporting evidence to this hypothesis. Our work suggests that transcription loop formation is a universal principle of eukaryotic gene expression.

INSTRUMENT(S): Illumina HiSeq 1500

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Sebastian Bultmann

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-9060 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Ubiquitination is a post-translational protein modification that has been shown to have a range of effects, including regulation of protein function, interaction, localization, and degradation. We have previously shown that the muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase, ASB2β, is down-regulated in models of muscle growth and that overexpression ASB2 is sufficient to induce muscle atrophy. To gain insight into the effects of increased ASB2 expression on skeletal muscle mass and function, we used liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to investigate ASB2-mediated changes to the skeletal muscle proteome and ubiquitinome, via a parallel analysis of remnant di-Gly-modified peptides. The results show that viral vector-mediated ASB2β overexpression in murine muscles causes progressive muscle atrophy and impairment of force-producing capacity, while ASB2β knockdown induces mild muscle hypertrophy. ASB2β-induced muscle atrophy and dysfunction were associated with the early downregulation of mitochondrial and contractile protein abundance, and the upregulation of proteins involved in proteasome-mediated protein degradation (including other E3 ligases), protein synthesis and the cytoskeleton/sarcomere. The overexpression ASB2β also resulted in marked changes in protein ubiquitination, however, there was no simple relationship between changes in ubiquitination status and protein abundance. To investigate proteins that interact with ASB2 and, therefore, potential ASB2 targets, Flag-tagged wild type ASB2, and a mutant ASB2 lacking the C-terminal SOCS box domain (dSOCS) were immunoprecipitated from C2C12 myotubes and subjected to label-free proteomic analysis to determine the ASB2 interactome. ASB2β was found to interact with a range of cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins. When combined with the in vivo ubiquitinomic data, our studies have identified novel putative ASB2β target substrates that warrant further investigation. These findings provide novel insight into the complexity of proteome and ubiquitinome changes that occur during E3 ligase-mediated skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction.

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Spatial organization of transcribed eukaryotic genes (ChIP-seq)

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