CD4⁺ T cells are homeostatic regulators during Mtb reinfection.

ABSTRACT: Immunological priming - either in the context of prior infection or vaccination - elicits protective responses against subsequent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the changes that occur in the lung cellular milieu post-primary Mtb infection and their contributions to protection upon reinfection remain poorly understood. Here, using clinical and microbiological endpoints in a non-human primate reinfection model, we demonstrate that prior Mtb infection elicits a long-lasting protective response against subsequent Mtb exposure and that the depletion of CD4⁺ T cells prior to Mtb rechallenge significantly abrogates this protection. Leveraging microbiologic, PET-CT, flow cytometric, and single-cell RNA-seq data from primary

SUBMITTER: Bromley JD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10769325 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature