Dataset Information

Effect of exercise on abdominal fat loss in men and women with and without type 2 diabetes.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To examine the effect of exercise on abdominal adipose tissue in adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design

Post hoc analysis of two randomised controlled trials.

Setting

Outpatient secondary prevention programme in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Participants

97 men and women with prehypertension, stage 1 or medically controlled hypertension. 49% of the sample was also diagnosed with T2DM.

Intervention

All participants completed a 26-week (6.5 months) supervised aerobic and resistance exercise programme following American College of Sports Medicine guidelines.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The main outcomes in this post hoc analysis were total abdominal adipose tissue (TAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured by MRI. Secondary outcomes were to determine whether the magnitude of abdominal fat change differed by diabetes status in men and women and to identify the predictors of change in abdominal fat distribution with exercise.

Results

Overall, participants (mean age 61±6 years; 45% women) significantly improved peak oxygen uptake by 15% (p<0.01) and reduced weight by 2% (p<0.01). No change in SAT was observed after training. The reduction in VAT following exercise was attenuated in participants with T2DM (-3%) compared with participants who were non-T2DM (-18%, p<0.001 for the difference in change). The magnitude of VAT loss was associated with a decrease in body weight (r=0.50, p<0.001). After adjustment for weight change using regression analysis, diabetes status remained an independent predictor of the change in VAT.

Conclusions

Although participants with and without T2DM attained an exercise training effect as evidenced by increased fitness, VAT was unchanged in T2DM compared to those without T2DM, suggesting that these individuals may be resistant to this important benefit of exercise. The strategies for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in T2DM may be most effective when they include a weight loss component.

Clinical trials registration

Clinicaltrials.gov Registry NCT00212303.

SUBMITTER: Dobrosielski DA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3845055 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Effect of exercise on abdominal fat loss in men and women with and without type 2 diabetes.

Dobrosielski Devon A DA Barone Gibbs Bethany B Chaudhari Sameer S Ouyang Pamela P Silber Harry A HA Stewart Kerry J KJ

BMJ open 20131125 11

<h4>Objective</h4>To examine the effect of exercise on abdominal adipose tissue in adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<h4>Design</h4>Post hoc analysis of two randomised controlled trials.<h4>Setting</h4>Outpatient secondary prevention programme in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.<h4>Participants</h4>97 men and women with prehypertension, stage 1 or medically controlled hypertension. 49% of the sample was also diagnosed with T2DM.<h4>Intervention</h4>All participants completed a 26- ...[more]

PMID: 24282247

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Project description:The ideal exercise time of day (ETOD) remains elusive regarding simultaneous effects on health and performance outcomes, especially in women. Purpose: Given known sex differences in response to exercise training, this study quantified health and performance outcomes in separate cohorts of women and men adhering to different ETOD. Methods: Thirty exercise-trained women (BMI = 24 ± 3 kg/m2; 42 ± 8 years) and twenty-six men (BMI = 25.5 ± 3 kg/m2; 45 ± 8 years) were randomized to multimodal ETOD in the morning (0600-0800 h, AM) or evening (1830-2030 h, PM) for 12 weeks and analyzed as separate cohorts. Baseline (week 0) and post (week 12) muscular strength (1-RM bench/leg press), endurance (sit-ups/push-ups) and power (squat jumps, SJ; bench throws, BT), body composition (iDXA; fat mass, FM; abdominal fat, Abfat), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), profile of mood states (POMS), and dietary intake were assessed. Results: Twenty-seven women and twenty men completed the 12-week intervention. No differences at baseline existed between groups (AM vs PM) for both women and men cohorts. In women, significant interactions (p < 0.05) existed for 1RM bench (8 ± 2 vs 12 ± 2, ∆kg), pushups (9 ± 1 vs 13 ± 2, ∆reps), BT (10 ± 6 vs 45 ± 28, ∆watts), SJ (135 ± 6 vs 39 ± 8, ∆watts), fat mass (-1.0 ± 0.2 vs -0.3 ± 0.2, ∆kg), Abfat (-2.6 ± 0.3 vs -0.9 ± 0.5, ∆kg), diastolic (-10 ± 1 vs-5 ± 5, ∆mmHg) and systolic (-12.5 ± 2.7 vs 2.3 ± 3, mmHg) BP, AM vs PM, respectively. In men, significant interactions (p < 0.05) existed for systolic BP (-3.5 ± 2.6 vs -14.9 ± 5.1, ∆mmHg), RER (-0.01 ± 0.01 vs -0.06 ± 0.01, ∆VCO2/VO2), and fatigue (-0.8 ± 2 vs -5.9 ± 2, ∆mm), AM vs PM, respectively. Macronutrient intake was similar among AM and PM groups. Conclusion: Morning exercise (AM) reduced abdominal fat and blood pressure and evening exercise (PM) enhanced muscular performance in the women cohort. In the men cohort, PM increased fat oxidation and reduced systolic BP and fatigue. Thus, ETOD may be important to optimize individual exercise-induced health and performance outcomes in physically active individuals and may be independent of macronutrient intake.

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Dataset Information

Effect of exercise on abdominal fat loss in men and women with and without type 2 diabetes.

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants

Intervention

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Results

Conclusions

Clinical trials registration

Publications

Effect of exercise on abdominal fat loss in men and women with and without type 2 diabetes.

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