Dataset Information

Effect of Exercise Type During Intentional Weight Loss on Body Composition in Older Adults with Obesity.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To examine the long-term effects of exercise modality during weight loss on body composition and associations between body composition and physical function changes.

Methods

Two hundred forty-nine older adults (66.9 ± 4.7 years, 71% women, 32% African American, BMI: 34.4 ± 3.7 kg/m² ) were randomized to weight loss (WL; n = 82), WL plus aerobic training (WL + AT; n = 86), or WL plus resistance training (WL + RT; n = 81) for 18 months. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-acquired body composition, 400-m walk time, and knee extensor strength were measured at baseline and at 6 and 18 months.

Results

Total body mass loss was enhanced when WL was combined with exercise (WL: -5.7 ± 0.7 kg, WL + AT: -8.5 ± 0.7 kg, WL + RT: -8.7 ± 0.7 kg; P < 0.01). Total body fat mass loss was significantly greater in WL + AT (-6.8 ± 0.6 kg, -16.4%) and WL + RT (-7.8 ± 0.5 kg, -19.0%) than WL (-4.8 ± 0.6 kg, -10.9%); both P < 0.01. Lean mass loss was greatest in WL + AT (-1.6 ± 0.3 kg, -3.1%) compared with WL + RT (-0.8 ± 0.3 kg, -1.5%) or WL (-1.0 ± 0.3 kg; -2.0%); both P ≤ 0.02. Change in 400-m walk time was associated with change in fat mass (β/SD = +6.1 s; P < 0.01), while change in knee extensor strength was associated with change in lean mass (β/SD = +1.6 Nm; P < 0.01).

Conclusions

WL + RT results in less lean mass lost than WL + AT; WL plus exercise yields greater fat mass loss than WL alone.

SUBMITTER: Beavers KM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5678994 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Effect of Exercise Type During Intentional Weight Loss on Body Composition in Older Adults with Obesity.

Beavers Kristen M KM Ambrosius Walter T WT Rejeski W Jack WJ Burdette Jonathan H JH Walkup Michael P MP Sheedy Jessica L JL Nesbit Beverly A BA Gaukstern Jill E JE Nicklas Barbara J BJ Marsh Anthony P AP

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 20171101 11

<h4>Objective</h4>To examine the long-term effects of exercise modality during weight loss on body composition and associations between body composition and physical function changes.<h4>Methods</h4>Two hundred forty-nine older adults (66.9 ± 4.7 years, 71% women, 32% African American, BMI: 34.4 ± 3.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup> ) were randomized to weight loss (WL; n = 82), WL plus aerobic training (WL + AT; n = 86), or WL plus resistance training (WL + RT; n = 81) for 18 months. Dual-energy x-ray absorpt ...[more]

PMID: 29086504

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Project description:BackgroundObesity imposes risk to cardiometabolic health; however, intentional weight loss among older adults with obesity remains controversial.ObjectiveTo explore the influence of exercise plus weight maintenance and exercise plus intentional weight loss by caloric restriction on changes in cardiometabolic risk among older adults with obesity assessed by four risk-scoring tools.DesignUsing longitudinal data from the Calorie Restriction and Changes in Body Composition, Disease, Function, and Quality of Life in Older Adults study (CROSSROADS) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00955903; May 2009 to October 2014), scores were calculated using baseline and 12-month data according to criteria from the International Diabetes Federation, National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel, Framingham Risk Score, and Cardiometabolic Disease Staging.Participants and settingParticipants (39% men, 23% African American, aged 70.2 ± 4.7 years) were randomized to exercise (n = 48), exercise plus nutrient-dense weight maintenance diet (n = 44), or exercise plus weight loss by moderate caloric restriction (n = 42).Main outcome measuresTo evaluate effects of exercise plus weight maintenance and exercise plus intentional weight loss on changes in cardiometabolic risk.Statistical analyses performedGeneralized estimating equations were used to assess changes in risk with ethnicity, biological sex, and age as covariates.ResultsGroup-time interaction was only significant for Framingham and Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (P = 0.005 and 0.041, respectively). Upon post hoc analysis, significant within-group improvements in Framingham scores were observed for exercise plus weight maintenance (P < 0.001; r = -1.682) and exercise plus weight loss (P = 0.020; r = -0.881). In analysis of between-group differences in Framingham scores, significant decreases were observed in the exercise plus weight maintenance group (P = 0.001; r = -1.723) compared with the exercise group. For Cardiometabolic Disease Staging, the exercise plus weight loss group had significant within-group improvements (P = 0.023; r = -0.102). For between-group differences in Cardiometabolic Disease Staging, the exercise plus weight loss group showed significant risk reduction (P = 0.012; r = -0.142) compared with the exercise group.ConclusionsAmong risk scores evaluated, Framingham and Cardiometabolic Disease Staging showed significantly greater sensitivity to change in cardiometabolic risk. Older adults with obesity can significantly lower cardiometabolic risk through exercise plus weight maintenance or exercise plus weight loss by moderate caloric restriction.

Project description:BackgroundObesity may accelerate age-related increases in aortic stiffness. Although aerobic exercise training generally has favorable effects on aortic structure and function, exercise alone may not be sufficient to improve aortic stiffness in older adults with obesity. We determined the effects of aerobic exercise training with and without moderate- to high-caloric restriction (CR) on the structure and function of the proximal aorta in 160 older (65-79 years) men and women with obesity (body mass index=30-45 kg/m2).MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: aerobic exercise training only (treadmill 4 days/week for 30 minutes at 65% to 70% of heart rate reserve; n=56), aerobic exercise training plus moderate CR (n=55), or aerobic exercise training plus more intensive CR (n=49) for 20 weeks. Aortic pulse wave velocity, aortic distensibility, and other measures of aortic structure and function were assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Pearson correlation coefficients were examined to assess associations between changes in proximal aortic stiffness and changes in fitness, fatness, and other potential confounders.ResultsWeight loss in the aerobic exercise training plus moderate CR (-8.0 kg [95% CI, -9.17 to -6.87]) and aerobic exercise training plus more intensive CR (-8.98 kg [95% CI, -10.23 to -7.73) groups was significantly greater compared with the aerobic exercise training-only group (-1.66 kg [95% CI, -2.94 to -0.38]; P<0.017 for both). There were significant treatment effects for descending aorta distensibility (P=0.008) and strain (P=0.004) and aortic arch pulse wave velocity (P=0.01) with the aerobic exercise training plus moderate CR group having a 21% increase in distensibility (P=0.016) and an 8% decrease in pulse wave velocity (P=0.058). None of the aortic stiffness measures changed significantly in the aerobic exercise training-only or aerobic exercise training plus more intensive CR groups, and there were no significant changes in any other measure of aortic structure or function in these groups. Overall, increases in aortic distensibility were correlated with improvements in body weight and body fat distribution, but these associations were not statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsIn older adults with obesity, combining aerobic exercise with moderate CR leads to greater improvements in proximal aortic stiffness than exercise alone. Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01048736.

Dataset Information

Effect of Exercise Type During Intentional Weight Loss on Body Composition in Older Adults with Obesity.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Effect of Exercise Type During Intentional Weight Loss on Body Composition in Older Adults with Obesity.

Similar Datasets

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