Modulating macrophage polarization for the enhancement of fracture healing, a systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

All fracture repairs start with the innate immune system with the inflammatory response known as the inflammatory stage guided and driven by the secretion of chemokine by the ruptured tissue, followed by the sequential recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. These innate immune cells would infiltrate the fracture site and secrete inflammatory cytokines to stimulate recruitment of more immune cells to arrive at the fracture site coordinating subsequent stages of the repair process. In which, subsidence of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage and transformation to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages promotes osteogenesis that marks the start of the anabolic endochondral stage.

Methods

Literature search was performed on Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databa

SUBMITTER: Chow SK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9364046 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature