Dataset Information

Interaction of leisure-time physical activity with body mass index on the risk of obesity-related cancers: A pooled study.

ABSTRACT: Physical activity (PA) has been associated with a lower risk of some obesity-related cancers, but the combined association and interaction of PA and body weight on obesity-related cancer risk is less clear. We examined the association of leisure-time PA (high/low) and its combination with body mass index (BMI, <25 [low]/≥25 [high] kg/m² ) on obesity-related cancer risk in 570 021 individuals, aged 43 years on average at baseline, in five Scandinavian cohorts. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios of obesity-related cancers (n = 19 074) and assessed multiplicative and additive interactions between PA and BMI on risk. High leisure-time PA, recorded in 19% of the individuals, was associated with a 7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4%-10%) lower risk of any obesity-related cancer compared to low PA, with similar associations amongst individuals with a low and a high BMI (6% [1%-11%] and 7% [2%-11%]). High PA was also associated with decreased risks of renal cell (11% [9%-31%]) and colon cancer (9% [2%-16%]). When high PA and low BMI were combined, the relative risk reduction for all obesity-related cancers was 24% (95% CI 20%-28%); endometrial cancer, 47% (35%-57%); renal cell cancer, 39% (27%-51%); colon cancer, 27% (19%-35%); multiple myeloma, 23% (2%-40%) and pancreatic cancer, 21% (4%-35%), compared to low PA-high BMI. There were no additive or multiplicative interactions between PA and BMI on risk. The result of our study suggests a reduced risk of obesity-related cancer by leisure-time PA in both normal weight and overweight individuals, which further decreased for PA and normal weight combined.

SUBMITTER: Sun M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9546504 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interaction of leisure-time physical activity with body mass index on the risk of obesity-related cancers: A pooled study.

Sun Ming M Bjørge Tone T Teleka Stanley S Engeland Anders A Wennberg Patrik P Häggström Christel C Stocks Tanja T

International journal of cancer 20220407 6

Physical activity (PA) has been associated with a lower risk of some obesity-related cancers, but the combined association and interaction of PA and body weight on obesity-related cancer risk is less clear. We examined the association of leisure-time PA (high/low) and its combination with body mass index (BMI, <25 [low]/≥25 [high] kg/m<sup>2</sup> ) on obesity-related cancer risk in 570 021 individuals, aged 43 years on average at baseline, in five Scandinavian cohorts. We used Cox regression to ...[more]

PMID: 35362551

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Project description:ImportanceThe Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report identified important research gaps to inform future guidance for adolescents, including limited evidence on the importance of sedentary behaviors (screen time) and their interactions with physical activity for adolescent health outcomes, including overweight and obesity.ObjectiveTo identify the independent associations of physical activity and screen time categories, and the interactions between physical activity and screen time categories, with body mass index (BMI) and overweight and obesity in adolescents.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study collected from September 10, 2018, to September 29, 2020. Data were analyzed from July 8 to December 20, 2022. A total of 5797 adolescents aged 10 to 14 years from 21 racially and ethnically diverse study sites across the US were included in the analysis.ExposuresCategories of total step count per day (with 1000 to 6000 steps per day indicating low, >6000 to 12 000 steps per day indicating medium, and >12 000 steps per day indicating high), as measured by a wearable digital device (Fitbit), and categories of self-reported screen time hours per day (with 0 to 4 hours per day indicating low, >4 to 8 hours per day indicating medium, and >8 hours per day indicating high).Main outcomes and measuresParticipant BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared and converted into sex- and age-specific percentiles in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth curves and definitions. Individuals were classified as having overweight or obesity if their BMI was in the 85th percentile or higher for sex and age.ResultsAmong 5797 adolescents included in the analytic sample, 50.4% were male, 61.0% were White, 35.0% had overweight or obesity, and the mean (SD) age was 12.0 (0.6) years. Mean (SD) reported screen time use was 6.5 (5.4) hours per day, and mean (SD) overall step count was 9246.6 (3111.3) steps per day. In models including both screen time and step count, medium (risk ratio [RR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12-1.37) and high (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.16-1.44) screen time categories were associated with higher overweight or obesity risk compared with the low screen time category. Medium (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06-1.35) and low (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.51) step count categories were associated with higher overweight or obesity risk compared with the high step count category. Evidence of effect modification between screen time and step count was observed for BMI percentile. For instance, among adolescents with low screen use, medium step count was associated with a 1.55 higher BMI percentile, and low step count was associated with a 7.48 higher BMI percentile. However, among those with high screen use, step count categories did not significantly change the association with higher BMI percentile (low step count: 8.79 higher BMI percentile; medium step count: 8.76 higher BMI percentile; high step count: 8.26 higher BMI percentile).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study, a combination of low screen time and high step count was associated with lower BMI percentile in adolescents. These results suggest that high step count may not offset higher overweight or obesity risk for adolescents with high screen time, and low screen time may not offset higher overweight or obesity risk for adolescents with low step count. These findings addressed several research gaps identified by the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report and may be used to inform future screen time and physical activity guidance for adolescents.

Project description:ImportanceThe 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommended a minimum of 75 vigorous-intensity or 150 moderate-intensity minutes per week (7.5 metabolic-equivalent hours per week) of aerobic activity for substantial health benefit and suggested additional benefits by doing more than double this amount. However, the upper limit of longevity benefit or possible harm with more physical activity is unclear.ObjectiveTo quantify the dose-response association between leisure time physical activity and mortality and define the upper limit of benefit or harm associated with increased levels of physical activity.Design, setting, and participantsWe pooled data from 6 studies in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium (baseline 1992-2003). Population-based prospective cohorts in the United States and Europe with self-reported physical activity were analyzed in 2014. A total of 661,137 men and women (median age, 62 years; range, 21-98 years) and 116,686 deaths were included. We used Cox proportional hazards regression with cohort stratification to generate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Median follow-up time was 14.2 years.ExposuresLeisure time moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity.Main outcomes and measuresThe upper limit of mortality benefit from high levels of leisure time physical activity.ResultsCompared with individuals reporting no leisure time physical activity, we observed a 20% lower mortality risk among those performing less than the recommended minimum of 7.5 metabolic-equivalent hours per week (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.78-0.82]), a 31% lower risk at 1 to 2 times the recommended minimum (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.67-0.70]), and a 37% lower risk at 2 to 3 times the minimum (HR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.62-0.65]). An upper threshold for mortality benefit occurred at 3 to 5 times the physical activity recommendation (HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.59-0.62]); however, compared with the recommended minimum, the additional benefit was modest (31% vs 39%). There was no evidence of harm at 10 or more times the recommended minimum (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.59-0.78]). A similar dose-response relationship was observed for mortality due to cardiovascular disease and to cancer.Conclusions and relevanceMeeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans minimum by either moderate- or vigorous-intensity activities was associated with nearly the maximum longevity benefit. We observed a benefit threshold at approximately 3 to 5 times the recommended leisure time physical activity minimum and no excess risk at 10 or more times the minimum. In regard to mortality, health care professionals should encourage inactive adults to perform leisure time physical activity and do not need to discourage adults who already participate in high-activity levels.

Project description:BackgroundLittle is known about the association between physical activity before cancer diagnosis and survival among lung cancer patients. In this pooled analysis of 11 prospective cohorts, we investigated associations of prediagnosis leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality among incident lung cancer patients.MethodsUsing self-reported data on regular engagement in exercise and sports activities collected at study enrollment, we assessed metabolic equivalent hours (MET-h) of prediagnosis LTPA per week. According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, prediagnosis LTPA was classified into inactivity, less than 8.3 and at least 8.3 MET-h per week (the minimum recommended range). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality after adjustment for major prognostic factors and lifetime smoking history.ResultsOf 20 494 incident lung cancer patients, 16 864 died, including 13 596 deaths from lung cancer (overall 5-year relative survival rate = 20.9%, 95% CI = 20.3% to 21.5%). Compared with inactivity, prediagnosis LTPA of more than 8.3 MET-h per week was associated with a lower hazard of all-cause mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.99), but not with lung cancer-specific mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.04), among the overall population. Additive interaction was found by tumor stage (Pinteraction = .008 for all-cause mortality and .003 for lung cancer-specific mortality). When restricted to localized cancer, prediagnosis LTPA of at least 8.3 MET-h per week linked to 20% lower mortality: multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.67 to 0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.80 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.99) for lung cancer-specific mortality.ConclusionsRegular participation in LTPA that met or exceeded the minimum Physical Activity Guidelines was associated with reduced hazards of mortality among lung cancer patients, especially those with early stage cancer.

Dataset Information

Interaction of leisure-time physical activity with body mass index on the risk of obesity-related cancers: A pooled study.

Publications

Interaction of leisure-time physical activity with body mass index on the risk of obesity-related cancers: A pooled study.

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