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Voltammetry Peak Tracking for Longer-Lasting and Reference-Electrode-Free Electrochemical Biosensors.

ABSTRACT: Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors offer reagent-free and continuous analyte measurement but often suffer from poor longevity and potential drift even with a robust 3-electrode system. Presented here is a simple, software-enabled approach that tracks the redox-reporter peak in an electrochemical aptamer-based sensor and uses the measurement of redox peak potential to reduce the scanning window to a partial measure of redox-peak-height vs. baseline (~10X reduction in voltage range). This same measurement further creates a virtual reference standard in buffered biofluids such as blood and interstitial fluid, thereby eliminating the effects of potential drift and the need for a reference electrode. The software intelligently tracks voltammogram peak potential via the inflection points of the rising and falling slopes of the measured redox peak. Peak-tracking-derived partial scanning was validated over several days and minimized electrochemically induced signal loss to <5%. Furthermore, the peak-tracking approach was shown to be robust against confounding effects such as fouling. From an applied perspective in creating wearable biosensors, the peak-tracking approach further enables use of a single implanted working electrode, while the counter/reference-electrode may utilize a simple gel-pad electrode on the surface of the skin, compared to implanting working, counter, and reference electrodes conventionally used for stability and reliability but is also costly and invasive. Cumulatively, peak-tracking provides multiple leaps forward required for practical molecular monitoring by extending sensor longevity, eliminating potential drift, simplifying biosensor device construction, and in vivo placement for any redox-mediated sensor that forms parabolic-like data.

SUBMITTER: McHenry A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9599936 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Voltammetry Peak Tracking for Longer-Lasting and Reference-Electrode-Free Electrochemical Biosensors.

McHenry Adam A Friedel Mark M Heikenfeld Jason J

Biosensors 20220922 10

Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors offer reagent-free and continuous analyte measurement but often suffer from poor longevity and potential drift even with a robust 3-electrode system. Presented here is a simple, software-enabled approach that tracks the redox-reporter peak in an electrochemical aptamer-based sensor and uses the measurement of redox peak potential to reduce the scanning window to a partial measure of redox-peak-height vs. baseline (~10X reduction in voltage range). This same ...[more]

PMID: 36290920

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Project description:Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a widely used electrochemical technique to measure the phasic response of neurotransmitters in the brain. It has the advantage of reducing tissue damage to the brain due to the use of carbon fiber microelectrodes as well as having a high temporal resolution (10 Hz) sufficient to monitor neurotransmitter release in vivo. During the FSCV experiment, the surface of the carbon fiber microelectrode is inevitably changed by the fouling effect. In terms of redox peak potential and sensitivity against neurotransmitters, a changed electrode surface results in a voltammogram that differs from the precalibration. However, when an electrode is implanted in the brain, the method for monitoring the electrode status change is limited. In this study, we propose employing an electrochemical impedance concept to monitor the gradual change of the electrode surface during FSCV scanning. Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FTEIS) was used in combination with FSCV to detect the real-time impedance of the electrode. The relationship between impedance and electrode surface conditions was studied by immersing carbon fiber microelectrodes in bovine serum albumin solution to induce biofouling and diminish electrode sensitivity. As a result of the nonspecific adsorption of bovine serum albumin during the interleave scan of FSCV and FTEIS, both the measured dopamine response and the capacitance of the equivalent circuit model from FTEIS decreased over time. The capacitance and sensitivity of the electrode showed correlation (R2 = 0.90), while the resistance of the equivalent circuit did not. In vivo measurements using the interleave scan of FSCV and FTEIS were also carried out to observe biofouling on the FSCV electrode surface and to measure dopamine sensitivity in the striatum of the rat brain for an hour. The results showed that the resistance did not significantly change, while capacitance and measured dopamine were significantly diminishing over time. In summary, real-time neurotransmitter measurements and electrode monitoring with the combination of FSCV and FTEIS would be useful in neuroscience research.

Dataset Information

Voltammetry Peak Tracking for Longer-Lasting and Reference-Electrode-Free Electrochemical Biosensors.

Publications

Voltammetry Peak Tracking for Longer-Lasting and Reference-Electrode-Free Electrochemical Biosensors.

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