Dataset Information

Associations among Visual, Auditory, and Olfactory Functions in Community-Based Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

Objective examination of relationships among visual, hearing, and olfactory function may yield mechanistic insights and inform our understanding of the burden of multiple-sensory impairments.

Methods

This cross-sectional study capitalized on continuous measures of visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity, pure tone audiometry, Quick Speech-in-Noise (QuickSIN), and Sniffin' Sticks from a subset of ARIC participants at two community sites (EyeDOC Study, 2017-2019). Scales of all measures were aligned such that higher values indicated greater impairment. Intersensory bivariate associations were assessed graphically, and correlations assessed using Kendall's tau. Intersensory associations, independent of age, education, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension, were examined using linear regression. Analyses were stratified by community/race (Washington County/White vs Jackson/Black) and sex (men vs women) to explore community-sex heterogeneity.

Results

We included 834 participants (mean age, 79 years); 39% were from Jackson and 63% females. We found weak intersensory correlations (tau generally ≤0.15). In the demographics-adjusted regression models, results were heterogeneous across communities and sex. Worse near VA, contrast sensitivity, and olfaction were associated with worse QuickSIN and worse near VA was associated with worse olfaction in some but not all community/race-sex groups (e.g., Jackson/Black women, 0.1 logMAR worse near VA was associated with 0.27 units increase in QuickSIN [95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.45]). Associations were modestly attenuated by adjustment for the shared risk factors of smoking, diabetes, and hypertension.

Conclusions

Visual dysfunction showed little or no association with hearing or olfaction impairments, suggesting a modest role for shared risk factors.

Translational relevance

Visually impaired individuals have only a modestly higher risk of other sensory impairment.

SUBMITTER: Arsiwala-Scheppach LT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9639698 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Associations among Visual, Auditory, and Olfactory Functions in Community-Based Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Arsiwala-Scheppach Lubaina T LT Ramulu Pradeep Y PY Sharrett A Richey AR Kamath Vidyulata V Deal Jennifer A JA Guo Xinxing X Du Simo S Garcia Morales Emmanuel E EE Mihailovic Aleksandra A Chen Honglei H Abraham Alison G AG

Translational vision science & technology 20221101 11

<h4>Purpose</h4>Objective examination of relationships among visual, hearing, and olfactory function may yield mechanistic insights and inform our understanding of the burden of multiple-sensory impairments.<h4>Methods</h4>This cross-sectional study capitalized on continuous measures of visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity, pure tone audiometry, Quick Speech-in-Noise (QuickSIN), and Sniffin' Sticks from a subset of ARIC participants at two community sites (EyeDOC Study, 2017-2019). Scales of ...[more]

PMID: 36322079

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Project description:Rationale & objectiveRecent literature suggests improvement in kidney function after percutaneous valvular replacement therapies, implying a pathophysiological contribution of valvular heart disease to chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, this association has not been investigated epidemiologically. We aimed to assess the association of valvular abnormality with prevalent and incident CKD.Study designCross-sectional and prospective analyses.Setting & participantsCommunity-dwelling participants (mean age 75.5 [standard deviation 5.1] years) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (2011-2013).ExposureValvular abnormality defined as echocardiography-based aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, and mitral regurgitation.OutcomesPrevalent CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR]) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Incident CKD was defined as progression to eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with ≥25% decline or hospitalization/deaths with CKD diagnosis.Analytical approachWe cross-sectionally evaluated the association between valvular abnormality and prevalent CKD with logistic regression in 5,216 participants. Then, 3,752 participants without prevalent CKD were analyzed for incident CKD using Cox models.ResultsThere were 1.4% (n = 74) with any aortic stenosis, 10.6% (n = 555) with any aortic regurgitation, and 43.1% (n = 2,249) with any mitral regurgitation. After adjustment for potential confounders, any mitral regurgitation and moderate/severe aortic regurgitation showed significant associations with prevalent CKD (adjusted OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.03-1.34] and 2.82 [95% CI, 1.12-7.10]), as did any aortic stenosis in a sensitivity analysis with prevalent CKD defined including albuminuria ≥30 mg/g (1.83 [95% CI, 1.10-3.05]). Only any aortic stenosis showed an independent association with incident CKD (adjusted HR, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.13-4.00]).LimitationsDespite a relatively large study population, some subgroups had small numbers. Although we minimized reverse causation, we cannot completely rule it out.ConclusionsDifferent valvular abnormality types were associated with prevalent CKD. Only aortic stenosis was robustly associated with incident CKD. These findings suggest an etiological link between valvular abnormality and CKD, highlighting the importance of clinical attention to kidney function in individuals with aortic stenosis.

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Dataset Information

Associations among Visual, Auditory, and Olfactory Functions in Community-Based Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Translational relevance

Publications

Associations among Visual, Auditory, and Olfactory Functions in Community-Based Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

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