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Genome-wide DNA methylation mapping of primary human uterine leiomayoma and myometrium cells by MethylCap-seq

ABSTRACT: Purpose: To investigate the role of DNA methylation in human uterine leiomyoma tumorigenesis, we profiled genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of leiomyoma cells (LM) and adjacent normal myometrial cells (MM) treated with or without DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza. Methods: Primary cells were isolated from fresh uterine myometrium or leiomyoma tissue. Cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO) or 5 µM 5’-aza for 96h with medium refreshed every 24h. Genomic DNA was extracted from LM and MM cells using DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, 69504) and fragmented to 300-500bp using Covaris M220. Methylated DNA fragments were captured using the MethylCap Kit (Diagenode, C02020010). Next-generation sequencing libraries were prepared using the KAPA Hyper Prep Kit (KAPA Biosystems, KK8502) and KAPA Single-Indexed Adapter Kit (KAPA Biosystems, KK8710). Libraries were sequenced under 75bp paired-end sequencing format. Sequences were aligned to the hg19 reference genome using Bowtie2. Histone style peak calling, differential binding analysis (getDifferentialPeaks) and motif analysis were performed using Homer under default settings. Differentily methylated regions (DMRs) were detected with a fold enrichment over background tag count ≥4 and poisson enrichment p-value over background tag count <0.0001. Differential DNA methylation between MM and LM (with or without treatment) at select regions were validated through qPCR. Results: More than 100,000 methyalted regions were detected in each sample. We discovered 21,086 DMRs between MM and LM cells under basal (vehicle treated) condition. In cells treated with 5-aza, we detected 8811 DMRs between MM and LM. We compared the genomic context of DMRs identified by MethylCap-Seq with the probe distribution of the HM450 array and detected large differences between these two methods. For example, 44.23% of DMR were located in intergenic regions by MethylCap-Seq, which was drastically higher than the percentage of HM450 array probes located in intergenic regions Downstream network enrichment analysis and motif analysis indicated that DMR-associated genes and regions are crucial for the tumor progression and hormone responsiveness of LM. Conclusions: Our study represents the detailed analysis of differential DNA methyaltion profiles between MM and LM using MethylCap-seq. Our results showed a more comprehensive evaluation of DNA methyaltion landscapes of MM and LM compared with previous array based analysis. We conclude that DNA methylation plays a crucial role in hormone-dependent LM tumorigenesis.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE113108 | GEO | 2019/01/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: To investigate the function of PLIN2 in human uterine leiomyoma tumorigenesis, we generated genome-wide transcription profile of leiomyoma cells after PLIN2 knockdown. Methods: Primary leiomyoma cells were isolated from fresh uterine leiomyoma tissues and transfected with PLIN2 small interfering RNA (siRNA; 100 nM, #4392422) or non-targeting siRNA (100 nM, #4390844; Ambion, Foster City, CA) for 72 hours. Total RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Mini kit and RNA-seq library was completed per the manufacturer’s instructions using the KAPA Stranded RNA-seq Kit with RiboErase (#KK8483; KAPA Biosystems, Wilmington, MA). cDNA libraries were sequenced as single-end, 75 base-length reads on an Illumina NextSeq 500 instrument (Illumina, San Diego, CA) with an average read count of 27 million reads per sample. The quality of DNA reads, in fastq format, was evaluated using FastQC. Adapters were trimmed, and reads of poor quality or aligning to rRNA sequences were filtered. The cleaned reads were aligned to the Homo sapiens genome (hg19) using STAR. Read counts for each gene were calculated using htseq-count in conjunction with a gene annotation file for hg19 obtained from University of California Santa Cruz (http://genome.ucsc.edu). Results: A total of 3877 genes were found to be differentially expressed, with 2557 genes found to be upregulated and 1320 genes found to be downregulated by PLIN2 knockdown. Gene Ontology analysis (DAVID, https://david.ncifcrf.gov) identified cellular component organization/biogenesis (P=1.4E-27) and metabolic processes (P=1.6E-10) as the top two biological processes of genes upregulated by PLIN2 depletion. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG; DAVID) pathway analysis identified enrichment of genes involved in the cell cycle, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and degradation, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix component organization after PLIN2 depletion. Conclusions: These findings provide support for a role of PLIN2 depletion in activating metabolic activity within leiomyoma cells.

Project description:Purpose: Generate genome-wide methylation profiles of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and their matching lung tissues for detection of hypermethylated and hypomethylated regions present in the tumors. Methods: MethylCapture followed by next-generation sequencing (Illumina GAIIx) of 7 nsclc tumor samples and paired lung tissues in replicated, plus one cell line, 2 fully artificially methylated and 2 fully artificially unmethylated controls. Normalization of methylation reads based on CpG coupling factor–method. Relative methylation scores (rms) in 500bp non-overlapping windows. 90th percentile of rpm (reads per million) values for all 500bp genome-wide windows, with rpm <1.33 were considered. Distributions of 10bp bins rms values within each 500bp genomic region were compared using both one-sided Student’s t-test and one-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Testing was done separately for hypo- and hypermethylation and p-value threshold of 10-18. Results: MethylCap-seq data revealed strong positive correlation between replicate experiments and between paired tumor/lung samples. 14472 differentially methylated regions (DMR) with non-overlapping 500 bp windows were found. 57 DMRs were present in all NSCLC tumors. 287 were unique for squamous-cell carcinomas and 26 unique for adenocarcinomas. While hypomethylated DMRs did not correlate to any particular functional category of genes, the hypermethylated DMRs were strongly associated with genes encoding transcriptional regulators. Furthermore, subtelomeric regions and satellite repeats were hypomethylated in the NSCLC samples. Conclusion: We provide a resource containing genome-wide DNA methylation maps of NSCLC and their paired lung tissues, and comprehensive lists of known and novel DMRs and associated genes in NSCLC. The DMRs can be in further studies to develop sensitive biological markers for NSCLC, which may enable non-invasive diagnosis and early detection of the disease, and potentially allow histological classification. MethylCap-seq of 7 nsclc tumor samples and paired lung tissues, plus 2 fully methylated and 2 fully unmethylated controls.

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Genome-wide DNA methylation mapping of primary human uterine leiomayoma and myometrium cells by MethylCap-seq

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