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AAV Assembled Capsids Are Produced in Cells Blocked fromFrom Cell Cycle Progression

ABSTRACT: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a promising delivery system for gene therapy. However, current manufacturing of AAV suffers from very low yields compared to other biotherapeutics. The AAV dose per patient ranges between 1011and 1015 viral genomes (vg), requiring an average of 10 to 30 L production/dose. As a consequence, production costs are prohibitive for most indications. Our recent studies revealed that only 10% of the HEK293 cells that have received the AAV encoding DNA produce assembled AAV capsids. This observation prompts the question: Why would cells that have been successfully transfected, be unable to produce AAV. To answer this question, we undertook a detailed study to characterize the two sub-populations from the same transfection, the cells that were making assembled capsids and those that were not. We found that the two populations had distinct cell cycle profiles, with a block in cell cycle progression characterizing the producer population. RNA-seq analysis of the two populations reveals differences in the molecular pathways impacted and provides a basis for making changes to improve productivity.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE276141 | GEO | 2025/11/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The adult mammalian brain entails a reservoir of neural stem cells (NSCs) generating glial cells and neurons. However, NSCs become increasingly quiescent with age, which hampers their regenerative capacity. New means are therefore required to genetically modify adult NSCs for re-enabling endogenous brain repair. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are ideal gene therapy vectors due to an excellent safety profile and high transduction efficiency. We thus conducted a high-throughput screening of 157 intraventricularly injected barcoded AAV variants profiled by transcriptome sequencing. Transcriptome analysis identified two synthetic capsids, AAV9_A2 and AAV1_P5 transducing active and quiescent NSCs. Further optimization of AAV1_P5 by judicious selection of promoter and dose of injected viral genomes enabled targeting of 57% of the NSC compartment. Importantly, transduced NSC readily produced neurons. The present study identifies AAV variants with a high specificity and transduction efficiency of adult NSCs thereby paving the way for preclinical testing of regenerative gene therapy. We identified a synthetic Adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid, AAV1_P5, that transduces active and quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs). In order to fully characterize the identity of AAV1_P5-transduced cells, as well as potential changes arising by the AAV-transduction itself, we profiled these cells and untransduced ones from the same mouse by single cell RNA sequencing. To this end, three months-old eYFP-reporter mice were injected with 109 vg/mouse AAV1_P5 harboring the CMV_Cre construct. Transduction induces expression of eYFP. 37 days post injection, we isolated cells from the v-SVZ and other brain regions. More precisely, we isolated labeled cells of the ventricular-subventricular zone and the striatum, rostral migratory stream (RMS) and olfactory bulb, here referred to as rest of the brain (RoB). To capture the remaining unlabeled cells of the NSC-lineage in the v-SVZ, we also isolated GLAST+ v-SVZ cells. Two samples of two pooled mice each were subjected to single cell RNA sequencing.

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AAV Assembled Capsids Are Produced in Cells Blocked fromFrom Cell Cycle Progression

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