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Chromatin binding of nuclear transport factor Importin α in human cultured cancer cells

ABSTRACT: Micronuclei (MN) are membrane-enclosed structures that contain DNA or chromatin, and their presence can lead to genomic instability. We found that importin α, a key nuclear transport factor, is highly concentrated in the MN in cultured human cancer cells. Notably, importin α is not uniformly distributed across all MN; it is localized to approximately 40% of them. This selective localization is characterized by an uncorrelated distribution relative to importin β1, CAS/CSE1L, and Ran, suggesting uncontrolled its nuclear-cytoplasmic recycling. Additionally, along with an association with euchromatin regions, we identified chromatin-regulating molecules as potential interactors with importin α and noted a significant reduction in the mobility of importin α within MN, indicating the establishment of a unique microenvironment in these importin α-enriched structures. These results indicate that importin α serves as a previously unrecognized molecular marker for assessing the quality control of MN in human cancer cells.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE283000 | GEO | 2026/04/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Introduction: The mechanisms governing synaptonuclear transport, and the transcriptional pathways that are at the core of neuronal disorders are poorly understood. The importin family of nuclear import factors has pivotal roles in such pathways, due to their involvement in intracellular transport from both synapse to soma and cytoplasm to nucleus. Mammals express six different isoforms of importin α, which bind an Importin β to form transport complexes for specific cargoes. Methods: We addressed the roles of importin α isoforms in mammalian CNS by evaluation of a systematic series of importin α knockout mice. A comprehensive battery of behavioral tests was used to investigate spontaneous and novelty-induced locomotion, basal ganglia function, motor coordination, neuromuscular integration, anxiety-related behaviors and memory. Subsequent analyses using acute-brain slice electrophysiology, RNA-seq, bioinformatics, imaging and pharmacology was used in order to delineate the contribution of genes and signaling pathways involved in the identified phenotype and screen for new therapeutic approaches. Results and Discussion: During the course of comprehensive behavioral profiling of importin α mouse mutants, we identified an importin α knockout (KO) mouse with significantly reduced anxiety levels. Electrophysiological recordings in acute hippocampal slices showed a reduced short-term and presynaptic plasticity (paired-pulse facilitation deficit, lower PTP), while LTP was not affected in these mutants. We then performed transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq) from hippocampal extracts of wild type versus mutant animals after exposure to an anxiogenic drug. Computational analysis revealed differences in the expression of genes and the involvement of transcription factors. Drugs that activate LXR or the Sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor have robust anxiolytic effects, while a Sphk1 blocker reverses anxiolysis in the importin α5 knockout mouse. Thus, importin α5 influences anxiety by regulating nuclear import in neurons.

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Chromatin binding of nuclear transport factor Importin α in human cultured cancer cells

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