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Developmental Dynamics of Skeletal Muscle Can Be Recapitulated In Vitro from Pig Embryonic Stem Cells

ABSTRACT: Understanding skeletal muscle development in pigs is required for fundamental developmental biology and its application in biomedical and agricultural industries. Here, we employed a directed myogenic differentiation approach to guide pig embryonic stem cells (ESCs) through presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and somite (SM) stages, ultimately generating myogenic progenitors (MPs) and mature muscle cells. The core signaling pathways, including WNT/β-catenin and BMP, along with several growth factors, were involved in sequential myogenic lineage induction in pigs. During differentiation, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed stage-specific transcriptional dynamics with three distinct ‘Myogenic states’, reflecting the in vivo developmental trajectory: PSM progenitors commitment into posterior PSM, posterior PSM transitioning into anterior PSM, and anterior PSM/SM giving rise to dermomyotome/muscle cells. These findings provide a comprehensive in vitro roadmap of pig skeletal muscle development, advancing developmental biology and biotechnology in livestock.

ORGANISM(S): Sus scrofa

PROVIDER: GSE293311 | GEO | 2026/06/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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