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Nucleosome free DNA- and acetyl histone-binding components recruit SWR1 to yeast promoters for H2A.Z replacement

ABSTRACT: The histone variant H2A.Z is a genome-wide signature of nucleosomes proximal to eukaryotic regulatory DNA. While the multi-subunit SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex is known to catalyze ATP-dependent deposition of H2A.Z, the mechanism of recruitment to S. cerevisiae promoters has been unclear. A sensitive assay for competitive binding of di-nucleosome substrates revealed that SWR1 preferentially binds long nucleosome-free DNA adjoining core particles, allowing discrimination of gene promoters over gene bodies. We traced the critical DNA binding component of SWR1 to the conserved Swc2/YL1 subunit, whose activity is required for both SWR1 binding and H2A.Z incorporation in vivo. Histone acetylation by NuA4 enhances SWR1 binding, but the interaction with nucleosome-free DNA is the major determinant. ‘Hierarchical cooperation’ between high affinity DNA- and low affinity histone modification-binding factors may reconcile the large disparity in affinities for chromatin substrates, and unify classical control by DNA-binding factors with post-translational histone modifications and ATP-dependent nucleosome mobility.

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PROVIDER: GSE49183 | GEO | 2013/09/16

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA213241

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Nucleosome free DNA- and acetyl histone-binding components recruit SWR1 to yeast promoters for H2A.Z replacement

Project description:The histone variant H2A.Z is a genome-wide signature of nucleosomes proximal to eukaryotic regulatory DNA. While the multi-subunit SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex is known to catalyze ATP-dependent deposition of H2A.Z, the mechanism of recruitment to S. cerevisiae promoters has been unclear. A sensitive assay for competitive binding of di-nucleosome substrates revealed that SWR1 preferentially binds long nucleosome-free DNA adjoining core particles, allowing discrimination of gene promoters over gene bodies. We traced the critical DNA binding component of SWR1 to the conserved Swc2/YL1 subunit, whose activity is required for both SWR1 binding and H2A.Z incorporation in vivo. Histone acetylation by NuA4 enhances SWR1 binding, but the interaction with nucleosome-free DNA is the major determinant. ‘Hierarchical cooperation’ between high affinity DNA- and low affinity histone modification-binding factors may reconcile the large disparity in affinities for chromatin substrates, and unify classical control by DNA-binding factors with post-translational histone modifications and ATP-dependent nucleosome mobility. Swr1 TAP IF of various mutants

2013-09-16 | E-GEOD-49183 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Stepwise histone replacement by SWR1 requires dual activation with histone H2A.Z and canonical nucleosome

Project description:Histone variant H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes are incorporated at most eukaryotic promoters. This incorporation is mediated by the conserved SWR1 complex, which replaces histone H2A in canonical nucleosomes with H2A.Z in an ATP-dependent manner. Here, we show that promoter-proximal nucleosomes are highly heterogeneous for H2A.Z in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with substantial representation of nucleosomes containing one, two, or no H2A.Z molecules. SWR1-catalyzed H2A.Z replacement in vitro occurs in a stepwise and unidirectional fashion, one H2A.Z-H2B dimer at a time, producing heterotypic nucleosomes as intermediates and homotypic H2A.Z nucleosomes as end products. The ATPase activity of SWR1 is specifically stimulated by H2A-containing nucleosomes without ensuing histone H2A eviction. Remarkably, further addition of free H2A.Z-H2B dimer leads to hyperstimulation of ATPase activity, eviction of nucleosomal H2A-H2B and deposition of H2A.Z-H2B. These results suggest that the combination of H2A-containing nucleosome and free H2A.Z-H2B dimer acting as both effector and substrate for SWR1 governs the specificity and outcome of the replacement reaction. Total nucleosomes from MNase-treated nuclear extracts were fractionated by sequential immunoprecipitation into homotypic H2A/H2A (AA), heterotypic H2A/H2A.Z (AZ), and homotypic H2A.Z/H2A.Z (ZZ) nucleosomes.

2010-10-12 | E-GEOD-24618 | biostudies-arrayexpress

ChIP-seq of H2A.Z and its histone chaperones during the cell cycle

Project description:The aim of this study was to uncover cell cycle dependent chromatin binding of H2A.Z and its histone chaperones. U2OS cells were stably transfected with Twin-Strep-tagged H2A.Z, ANP32e, or YL1 constructs, and WT cells were used as a negative/background control. U2OS cells were synchronised in G1 or G2-M phase using hydroxyurea or nocodazole, respectively, and protein-DNA complexes were isolated by affinity purification.

2023-06-29 | E-MTAB-11617 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Stepwise histone replacement by SWR1 requires dual activation with histone H2A.Z and canonical nucleosome

2010-10-12 | GSE24618 | GEO

The histone variant H2A.Z in yeast is almost exclusively incorporated into the +1 nucleosome in the direction of transcription

Project description:To investigate the incorporation dynamics of histone variant H2A.Z, we determined its genomic localization at single nucleosome resolution, as well as the localization of its chromatin remodelers Swr1 and Ino80. We find that Swr1 binding alone is a poor predictor of H2A.Z occupancy levels, and that normal Swr1 and Ino80 localization are actually dependent on H2A.Z. Additionally, we find that H2A.Z’s bimodal incorporation on either side of the NDR is not a general feature of TSS, but is specifically a marker for bidirectional transcription, such that the upstream flanking -1 H2A.Z-containing nucleosome is more appropriately considered as a +1 H2A.Z nucleosome for antisense transcription.

2019-10-29 | GSE104147 | GEO

Histone H2A.Z and DNA methylation are mutually antagonistic chromatin marks

Project description:Eukaryotic chromatin is separated into functional domains differentiated by posttranslational histone modifications, histone variants, and DNA methylation. Methylation is associated with repression of transcriptional initiation in plants and animals, and is frequently found in transposable elements. Proper methylation patterns are critical for eukaryotic development, and aberrant methylation-induced silencing of tumor suppressor genes is a common feature of human cancer. In contrast to methylation, the histone variant H2A.Z is preferentially deposited by the Swr1 ATPase complex near 5' ends of genes where it promotes transcriptional competence. How DNA methylation and H2A.Z influence transcription remains largely unknown. Here we show that in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, regions of DNA methylation are quantitatively deficient in H2A.Z. Exclusion of H2A.Z is seen at sites of DNA methylation in the bodies of actively transcribed genes and in methylated transposons. Mutation of the MET1 DNA methyltransferase, which causes both losses and gains of DNA methylation, engenders opposite changes in H2A.Z deposition, while mutation of the PIE1 subunit of the Swr1 complex that deposits H2A.Z17 leads to genome-wide hypermethylation. Our findings indicate that DNA methylation can influence chromatin structure and effect gene silencing by excluding H2A.Z, and that H2A.Z protects genes from DNA methylation. Keywords: Affinity-purification on microarray All experiments were done using two channels per chip. DNA methylation experiments compared immunoprecipitated, methylated DNA to control genomic DNA. H2A.Z experiments compared whole micrococcal nuclease-treated affinity-purified chromatin to input chromatin used for affinity purification. Affinity purification was performed using either biotin-tagged H2A.Z, pulled down using streptavidin, or endogenous H2A.Z pulled down using an anti-H2A.Z antibody.

2008-10-02 | E-GEOD-12212 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Drosophila SWR1 and NuA4 complexes are defined by DOMINO isoform

Project description:Histone acetylation and deposition of H2A.Z variant are integral aspects of active transcrip-tion. In Drosophila, the single DOMINO chromatin regulator complex is thought to combine both activities via an unknown mechanism. Here we show that alternative isoforms of the DOMINO nucleosome remodeling ATPase, DOM-A and DOM-B, directly specify two distinct multi-subunit complexes. Both complexes are necessary for transcriptional regulation but through different mechanisms. The DOM-B complex incorporates H2A.V (the fly ortholog of H2A.Z) genome-wide in an ATP-dependent manner, like the yeast SWR1 complex. The DOM-A complex, instead, functions as an ATP-independent histone acetyltransferase com-plex similar to the yeast NuA4, targeting lysine 12 of histone H4. Our work provides an in-structive example of how different evolutionary strategies lead to similar functional separation. In yeast and humans, nucleosome remodeling and histone acetyltransferase complexes orig-inate from gene duplication and paralog specification. Drosophila generates the same diversi-ty by alternative splicing of a single gene.

2020-05-27 | PXD017729 | Pride

Recognition of inherently unstable H2A-nucleosome by Swc2 is a major determinant for unidirectional H2A.Z exchange

Project description:The site-specific chromatin incorporation of eukaryotic histone variant H2A.Z is driven by the multi-component chromatin remodeling complex SWR1/SRCAP/ p400. The budding yeast SWR1 complex replaces the H2A-H2B dimer in the canonical nucleosome with the H2A.Z-H2B dimer, but the mechanism governing the directionality of H2A-to-H2A.Z exchange remains elusive. Here, we use single-molecule force spectroscopy to dissect the disassembly/ reassembly of H2A-nucleosome and H2A.Z-nucleosome. We find that the N-terminal 1-135 residues of yeast SWR1-complex-protein-2 (previously termed Swc2-Z) facilitate the disassembly of nucleosomes containing H2A but not H2A.Z. The Swc2-mediated nucleosome disassembly/reassembly requires the inherently unstable H2A-nucleosome, whose instability is conferred by three H2A α2-helix residues Gly47, Pro49 and Ile63 as they selectively weaken the structural rigidity of H2A-H2B dimer. It also requires Swc2-ZN (residues 1-37) that directly anchors to H2A-nucleosome and functions in the SWR1-catalyzed H2A.Z replacement in vitro and yeast H2A.Z deposition in vivo. Our findings providecrucial insights into how SWR1 complex discriminates between the H2A-nucleosome and H2A.Z-nucleosome, establishing a simple paradigm for the governace of unidirectional H2A.Z exchange.

2021-04-12 | GSE171844 | GEO

Project description:In eukaryotes, DNA wraps around histones to form nucleosomes, which are compacted into chromatin. DNA-templated processes, including transcription, require chromatin disassembly and reassembly mediated by histone chaperones. Additionally, distinct histone variants can replace core histones to regulate chromatin structure and function. Although replacement of H2A with the evolutionarily conserved H2A.Z via the SWR1 histone chaperone complex has been extensively studied, in plants little is known about how a reduction of H2A.Z levels can be achieved. Here, we show that NRP proteins cause a decrease of H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes in Arabidopsis under standard growing conditions. nrp1-1 nrp2-2 double mutants show an over-accumulation of H2A.Z genome-wide, especially at heterochromatic regions normally H2A.Z-depleted in wild-type plants. Our work suggests that NRP proteins regulate gene expression by counteracting SWR1, thereby preventing excessive accumulation of H2A.Z.

2020-05-18 | PXD019248 | Pride

Arabidopsis SWR1-associated protein methyl-CpG-binding domain 9 is required for histone H2A.Z deposition. [ChIPSeq_MBD9]

Project description:Deposition of histone variant H2A.Z by the SWR1 chromatin-remodeling complex is critical for the appropriate expression of many genes in eukaryotes, yet, despite its importance, the composition of the Arabidopsis SWR1 complex has not been thoroughly analyzed. Here we have identified the interacting partners of a conserved Arabidopsis SWR1 subunit, actin-related protein 6 (ARP6). We isolated 9 predicted components, identifying subunits implicated in histone acetylation and interacting partners implicated in chromatin biology. We found that the methyl-CpG-binding domain 9 (MBD9) subunit functioned synergistically with ARP6 to control flowering time. MBD9, in combination with ARP6, was involved in the SWR1-mediated incorporation of the majority of H2A.Z. MBD6 was further required for deposition of H2A.Z at a distinct subset of loci. MBD9 was preferentially bound to nucleosome-depleted regions at the 5’ of genes containing high levels of activating histone marks. Our data suggests a model for MBD9 in recruiting the SWR1 complex to open chromatin of actively transcribing genes.

2019-06-21 | GSE123261 | GEO

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