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Dietary High Fiber and N-Carbamylglutamate Enhance Sow Reproductive Performance via Modulating Lactobacilli, Lipid Metabolites, and the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway

ABSTRACT:

Background Both high fiber diet and N-Carbamylglutamate (NCG) individually contributes to improve reproductive efficiency in sow. However, the potential synergistic effects and the underlying mechanisms are not well-understood. Here, Landrace x Yorkshire sows were selected to investigate the synergistic effects of high fiber diet and 0.05% NCG on reproductive performance using metagenomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis.

Results The study revealed that high fiber with NCG (H+N) significantly increased litter weight at weaning and the apparent nutrient digestibility. Metagenomic analysis revealed H+N increased the abundance of lactobacilli across multiple taxonomic levels (from order to species level, including Lactobacillus sp. 910589175), which was positively correlated with elevated levels of the lipid metabolites L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine and taurocholic acid. Subsequent transcriptomic profiling indicated activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which was associated with improved litter weight at weaning and the apparent nutrient digestibility.

Conclusion The synergistic effect of high-fiber diet and NCG supplementation enhances reproductive efficiency in sows by modulating gut microbiota (specifically lactobacilli), increasing beneficial lipid metabolites, and activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby improving nutrient digestibility and litter weight.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phase, Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phase

PROVIDER: MTBLS13516 | MetaboLights | 2025-12-16

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS13516_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS13516_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS13516_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular
	m_MTBLS13516_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular

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Project description:The aim of this study was to investigate whether long term intake of pea fiber would improve colonic barrier, bacterial profile and alter colonic gene expression using DNA microarray. Fifty weaned pigs were randomly allocated into 2 groups receiving control and fibrous diet with inclusion of pea fiber from weaning age until d 160. The two diets had similar nutrient levels. Pigs fed pea fiber diet (PF diet) had markedly decreased overall average daily feed intake (ADFI) and Feed:Gain in growing and finishing period (P<0.05). In addition, long term intake of PF diet induced deeper crypt (+50 %, P<0.05), increased protein expression of colonic mucin and sIgA (+13～16 %, P<0.05). Resulting from the increased lactobacillus content (P<0.05), moreover, pigs fed PF diet had significantly higher concentration of colonic total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and acetic acid. DNA microarray results indicated that feeding PF diet induced alterations in the expression of colonic cancer, immune response and lipid metabolism-related genes, as well as genes involved in signal pathway such as intestinal immune network for IgA production, PPAR signaling pathway and nutrient metabolism-related pathways. Collectively, our results suggested that long term intake of PF diet would improve colonic health via altering colonic bacteria profile, colonic barriers, immune and metabolism related protein or gene expressions. A total of 50 weaned pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire, initial body weight: 7.2±0.5 kg) were randomly allocated to 2 groups with 5 pens each group and 5 pig each pen. Pigs were fed control (Control) and fibrous diets (10～20 % inclusion of pea fiber, PF) from weaning at 28 day to 160 day-old-age, which is subjected to phase feeding by weaning diet (weaning to d 30 post-weaning), growing diet (d 30～90 postweaning) and finishing diet (d 90～160 postweaning) according to their physiological stage. At d 160 postweaning, four pigs each group were selected to be slaughtered for collection of colonic tissues and DNA microarray was applied to the colonic tissues for analysis of gene expression.

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Dietary High Fiber and N-Carbamylglutamate Enhance Sow Reproductive Performance via Modulating Lactobacilli, Lipid Metabolites, and the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway

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