Maternal gut microbiome, pregnancy exposure to environmental contaminants, and child health outcomes: A pilot study exploring potential effect modifications by diet
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens
TISSUE(S): Urine
PROVIDER: ST001040 | MetabolomicsWorkbench |
REPOSITORIES: MetabolomicsWorkbench
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Project description:ObjectivesPre-pregnancy diet has an important role in preparing for healthy generation. However, evidence on this issue has been scarce. A scoping review synthesising current evidence will support the demand to map 'what has been researched' on pre-pregnancy diet and maternal and child health.MethodsSystematic search was performed using PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design) framework in electronic databases. Articles were screened for eligibility, summarized, and the quality was assessed using the National Institute of Health assessment tool. The review structure complies with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guide.ResultsForty-two articles were included after full-text screening. Twenty-five studies were in high-income countries (HICs), six in each upper-middle income, five in lower-middle income countries (LMICs), and one in low-income countries (LIC). Based on the regions: North America (n=16), Europe (n=5), South America (n=4), Australia (n=4), Asia (n=5), Middle East (n=2), and sub-Saharan Africa (n=1). The two-most observed diet-related exposures were dietary pattern (n=17) and dietary quality (n=12). The most assessed outcome was gestational diabetes mellitus (n=28) and fetal and newborn anthropometry (n=7). The average quality score±standard deviation was 70±18%.ConclusionsResearch related to pre-pregnancy diet is still concentrated in HICs. The context of diet may vary; therefore, future research is encouraged in LMICs and LICs context, and Mediterranean, South-East Asia, Pacific, and African regions. Some maternal and child nutrition-related morbidity, such as anemia and micronutrient deficiencies, have not been discussed. Research on these aspects will benefit to fill in the gaps related to pre-pregnancy diet and maternal and child health.
| S-EPMC10111095 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The developing fetus is especially vulnerable to environmental toxicants, including tobacco constituents. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment within the first two years of life. The study population consisted of 461 non-smoking pregnant women (saliva cotinine level <10 ng/mL). Maternal passive smoking was assessed based on the cotinine level in saliva analyzed by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI + MS/MS) and by questionnaire data. The cotinine cut-off value for passive smoking was established at 1.5 ng/mL (sensitivity 63%, specificity 71%). Psychomotor development was assessed in children at the age of one- and two-years using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Approximately 30% of the women were exposed to ETS during pregnancy. The multivariate linear regression model indicated that ETS exposure in the 1st and the 2nd trimesters of pregnancy were associated with decreasing child language functions at the age of one (β = -3.0, p = 0.03, and β = -4.1, p = 0.008, respectively), and two years (β = -3.8, p = 0.05, and β = -6.3, p = 0.005, respectively). A negative association was found for cotinine level ≥1.5 ng/mL in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and child cognition at the age of 2 (β = -4.6, p = 0.05), as well as cotinine levels ≥1.5 ng/mL in all trimesters of pregnancy and child motor abilities at two years of age (β = -3.9, p = 0.06, β = -5.3, p = 0.02, and β = -4.2, p = 0.05, for the 1st, the 2nd, and the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, respectively; for the 1st trimester the effect was of borderline statistical significance). This study confirmed that ETS exposure during pregnancy can have a negative impact on child psychomotor development within the first two years of life and underscore the importance of public health interventions aiming at reducing this exposure.
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Project description:The statistics related to pregnancy and its outcomes are staggering: annually, an estimated 250000-280000 women die during childbirth. Unfortunately, a large number of women receive little or no care during or before pregnancy. At a period of critical vulnerability, interventions can be effectively delivered to improve the health of women and their newborns and also to make their pregnancy safe. This paper reviews the interventions that are most effective during preconception and pregnancy period and synergistically improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Among pre-pregnancy interventions, family planning and advocating pregnancies at appropriate intervals; prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections including HIV; and peri-conceptual folic-acid supplementation have shown significant impact on reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy, interventions including antenatal care visit model; iron and folic acid supplementation; tetanus Immunisation; prevention and management of malaria; prevention and management of HIV and PMTCT; calcium for hypertension; anti-Platelet agents (low dose aspirin) for prevention of Pre-eclampsia; anti-hypertensives for treating severe hypertension; management of pregnancy-induced hypertension/eclampsia; external cephalic version for breech presentation at term (>36 weeks); management of preterm, premature rupture of membranes; management of unintended pregnancy; and home visits for women and children across the continuum of care have shown maximum impact on reducing the burden of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. All of the interventions summarized in this paper have the potential to improve maternal mortality rates and also contribute to better health care practices during preconception and periconception period.
| S-EPMC4145858 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMaternal intake of several nutrients during pregnancy is linked to offspring cognition. The relation between maternal dietary patterns and offspring cognition is less established.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine associations of maternal diet quality during pregnancy with child cognition and behavior.MethodsAmong 1580 mother-child pairs in Project Viva, a prospective prebirth cohort, we assessed maternal diet during pregnancy using FFQs and evaluated diet quality using versions modified for pregnancy of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS-P) and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-P). Child cognitive and behavioral outcomes were assessed using standardized tests and questionnaires at infancy and in early and mid-childhood. We conducted multivariable linear regression analyses.ResultsMothers were predominantly white, college-educated, and nonsmokers. After adjustment for child age and sex and maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, maternal high (6-9) compared with low (0-3) MDS-P during pregnancy was associated with higher child Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT-II) nonverbal (mean difference for first trimester: 4.54; 95% CI: 1.53, 7.56) and verbal scores (3.78; 95% CI: 1.37, 6.19) and lower Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) Metacognition Index (-1.76; 95% CI: -3.25, -0.27), indicating better intelligence and fewer metacognition problems in mid-childhood. Maternal Q4 compared with Q1 AHEI-P during pregnancy was associated with higher Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities matching scores in early childhood (mean difference for first trimester: 2.79; 95% CI: 0.55, 5.04) and higher KBIT-II verbal scores (2.59; 95% CI: 0.13, 5.04) and lower BRIEF Global Executive Composite scores in mid-childhood (-1.61; 95% CI: -3.20, -0.01), indicating better visual spatial skills, verbal intelligence, and executive function.ConclusionsMaternal intake of a better-quality diet during pregnancy was associated with better visual spatial skills in the offspring at early childhood and with better intelligence and executive function in the offspring at mid-childhood.
| S-EPMC8755080 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The American Heart Association has updated its definition of cardiovascular health (CVH) with a new framework known as Life's Essential 8 (LE8). Although gestational CVH assessment has been recommended, its significance based on LE8 for birth outcomes is unknown. We thus evaluated the status of gestational CVH based on LE8 in 3036 pregnant women of the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort and the population of China Maternal Nutrition and Health Sciences Survey, and also examined the association between gestational CVH and child birth outcomes. We found that only a small proportion (12.84%) had high CVH, while 1.98% had low CVH in this cohort study. In adjusted models, a 10-point increase in the gestational CVH score, indicating a more favorable score, was associated with lower neonatal size such as birth weight (β: - 37.05 [95% confidence interval: - 52.93, - 21.16]), birth length (- 0.12[- 0.22, - 0.01]), weight-for-height z-score (- 0.07[- 0.12, - 0.03]), body mass index z-score (- 0.09 [- 0.13, - 0.04]), length-for-age Z-score (- 0.03 [- 0.06, - 0.01]), and weight-for-age z-score (- 0.08 [- 0.12, - 0.05]). Also, a 10-point increase in the gestational CVH score was associated with the lower risk of large for gestational age (LGA) (0.82 [0.73, 0.92]) and macrosomia infant (0.75 [0.64, 0.88]). CVH categories showed similar results. That is, better maternal CVH status in pregnancy was associated with lower neonatal size and lower risks for LGA and macrosomia in newborns.
| S-EPMC11222450 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLead is a toxic chemical of public health concern, however limited biomarkers are able to reconstruct prior lead exposures in early-life when biospecimens are not collected and stored. Although child tooth dentine measurements accurately assess past child perinatal lead exposure, it has not been established if they reflect maternal exposure in pregnancy.AimTo assess the prenatal relationship between child tooth dentine and maternal blood lead measurements and to estimate maternal lead exposure during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy from weekly child dentine profiles.MethodsWe measured early-life lead exposure in child tooth dentine and maternal blood from 419 child-mother dyads enrolled in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stress (PROGRESS) cohort. We employed the Super-Learner algorithm to determine the relationship of dentine lead data with maternal blood lead concentrations and to predict maternal lead from child dentine lead data in blinded analyses. We validated and quantified the bias of our results internally.ResultsMothers had moderate blood lead levels (trimesters: 2nd = 29.45 ug/L, 3rd = 31.78 ug/L). Trimester-averaged and weekly child dentine lead measurements were highly correlated with maternal blood levels in the corresponding trimesters. The predicted trimester-specific maternal lead levels were significantly correlated with actual measured blood values (trimesters: 2nd = 0.83; 3rd = 0.88). Biomarkers of maternal lead exposure discriminated women highly exposed to lead (>mean) with 85 % and 96 % specificity in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively, with 80 % sensitivity.DiscussionWeekly child dentine lead levels can serve as biomarkers of past child and maternal lead exposures during pregnancy.
| S-EPMC9576006 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common arbovirus globally, with its incidence growing dramatically in recent decades. Although the effects of DENV infection during pregnancy are unclear, reported associations with adverse health outcomes include miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight. In this study, we used an IgG ELISA to identify mothers exposed to DENV during pregnancy by testing samples obtained from a previous study that followed a cohort of pregnant women in Kenya to investigate parasitic infections during pregnancy. We compared adverse pregnancy and infant health outcomes between seronegative mothers and those who seroconverted. Of the 289 participants tested for DENV exposure during pregnancy, we estimated that ∼12 women (4%) would have been exposed to DENV during their gestation period. However, we found that 34 mothers (11.8%) had been exposed to DENV during pregnancy. None of these mothers were hospitalized during pregnancy because of severe DENV infection, suggesting that many may have undergone asymptomatic seroconversion. The demographic risk factors of socioeconomic status, education level, bed net use, and maternal age were not associated with mild or asymptomatic DENV in pregnancy. Although mild or asymptomatic DENV during pregnancy was not associated with late prematurity, reduced postnatal childhood developmental measures, or adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes, we observed an increased risk of low birth weight. The larger-than-expected burden of DENV in pregnancy in this coastal Kenyan cohort and the observed potential risk of low birth weight provide evidence that a more comprehensive study is warranted to fully understand DENV infection during pregnancy.
| S-EPMC11803650 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe immune system undergoes unique adaptations during pregnancy and is particularly sensitive to environmental chemicals, such as phthalates, which are associated with acute and chronic inflammatory medical conditions. However, current knowledge of how phthalate exposures are associated with systemic inflammation in pregnant people is limited by cross-sectional study designs and single chemical models. Our objective was to estimate the association between repeated measures of prenatal phthalate exposures, examined individually and collectively, and a panel of clinical inflammatory biomarkers.MethodsIn the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort, biospecimens were collected at mean 11 and 26 weeks gestation (N = 126). Concentrations of eight urinary phthalate metabolites and five serum inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, were measured. Linear mixed effect regression and quantile g-computation models were used to estimate the associations for single phthalates and their exposure mixture, respectively.ResultsParticipants who self-reported any use of alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana in the month prior to pregnancy had increased MEP, MBP, MiBP, and CRP, relative to those with no substance use. IFN-γ was elevated in response to MECPP (% change = 17.35, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.32, 32.27), MEHHP (% change = 12.75, 95 % CI = 2.22, 24.36), MEOHP (% change = 11.63, 95 % CI = 1.21, 23.12), and their parent phthalate, ΣDEHP (% change = 15.03, 95 % CI = 0.28, 31.94). The phthalate mixture was also associated with an increase in IFN-γ (% change = 15.03, 95 % CI = 6.18, 24.61).ConclusionsOur findings suggest DEHP metabolites induce systemic inflammation during pregnancy. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ may play an important role in the relationship between prenatal phthalate exposures and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
| S-EPMC10922519 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Effective long-term treatment options are limited, which warrants increased focus on potential modifiable risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and child diet quality and child ADHD symptoms and ADHD diagnosis.MethodsThis study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). We assessed maternal diet quality with the Prenatal Diet Quality Index (PDQI) and Ultra-Processed Food Index (UPFI) around mid-gestation, and child diet quality using the Diet Quality Index (CDQI) at 3 years. ADHD symptoms were assessed at child age 8 years using the Parent Rating Scale for Disruptive Behaviour Disorders. ADHD diagnoses were retrieved from the Norwegian Patient Registry.ResultsIn total, 77,768 mother-child pairs were eligible for studying ADHD diagnoses and 37,787 for ADHD symptoms. Means (SD) for the PDQI, UPFI and CDQI were 83.1 (9.3), 31.8 (9.7) and 60.3 (10.6), respectively. Mean (SD) ADHD symptom score was 8.4 (7.1) and ADHD diagnosis prevalence was 2.9% (male to female ratio 2.6:1). For one SD increase in maternal diet index scores, we saw a change in mean (percent) ADHD symptom score of - 0.28 (- 3.3%) (CI: - 0.41, - 0.14 (- 4.8, - 1.6%)) for PDQI scores and 0.25 (+ 3.0%) (CI: 0.13, 0.38 (1.5, 4.5%)) for UPFI scores. A one SD increase in PDQI score was associated with a relative risk of ADHD diagnosis of 0.87 (CI: 0.79, 0.97). We found no reliable associations with either outcomes for the CDQI, and no reliable change in risk of ADHD diagnosis for the UPFI.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that overall maternal diet quality during pregnancy is associated with a small decrease in ADHD symptom score at 8 years and lower risk for ADHD diagnosis, with more robust findings for the latter outcome. Consumption of ultra-processed foods was only associated with increased ADHD symptom score of similar magnitude as for overall maternal diet quality, and we found no associations between child diet quality and either outcome. No causal inferences should be made based on these results, due to potential unmeasured confounding.
| S-EPMC7941947 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Maternal anemia is a well-recognized global health problem; however, there remain questions on specific hemoglobin (Hb) thresholds that predict health risk or protection for mother and child. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the associations of maternal Hb concentrations with a range of maternal and infant health outcomes, accounting for the timing of measurement (preconception, and first, second, and third trimesters), etiology of anemia, and cutoff category. The systematic review included 272 studies and the meta-analysis included 95 studies. Low maternal Hb (<110 g/L) was associated with poor birth outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), stillbirth, and perinatal and neonatal mortality) and adverse maternal outcomes (postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and blood transfusion). High maternal Hb (>130 g/L) was associated with increased odds of SGA, stillbirth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Relationships varied by the timing of measurement and cutoff category (stronger associations with lower cutoffs); limited data were available on anemia etiology. There were insufficient data for other maternal outcomes and long-term child health outcomes. Current data are insufficient for determining if revisions to current Hb cutoffs are required. Pooled high-quality individual-level data analyses, as well as prospective cohort studies, would be valuable to inform the reevaluation of Hb cutoffs.
| S-EPMC6767572 | biostudies-literature