Project description:We performed comparative RNA sequencing of the early (4 hrs) dose response (0.5 – 200 cGy whole body dose, 10 dose levels) of the mouse aorta to proton and gamma radiation. Total-body proton radiation of conscious animals was performed using a proton beam produced by a cyclotron system, while total-body gamma radiation of animals was performed using a Caesium-137 gamma source. A trend analysis identified genes that showed a dose response, using data permutation to estimate a false discovery rate (q-value) for each gene. We identified 29 and 194 genes (q-value ≤ 0.1) that were upregulated with increasing doses of proton and gamma radiation, respectively. No genes were down-regulated. While fewer genes were dose-responsive to proton radiation, the magnitude of the effect was greater than with gamma radiation. These highly responsive genes were enriched for pathways involved in the response to DNA damage, apoptosis, cellular stress and inflammation (p < 0.01). Gamma radiation responsive genes included the same pathways, but extended to genes in vasculature specific pathways. Genes responsive to both radiation types (19 genes at q-value ≤ 0.1) showed almost perfectly superimposable dose-response relationships. We observed the same superimposable dose response relationship of gamma and proton radiations in a subset of genes validated by quantitative PCR not only in the aorta but also in liver, lung, heart and kidney. Despite a relative similar relative biological effectiveness of protons and gamma photons and the activation of canonical radiation response pathways by both radiation types, we detected marked differences in the genomic response. It seems plausible that these genomic differences translate into differences in the biological processes leading to cardiovascular pathologies.
Project description:Here, male and female B6C3F1 mice were given single or fractionated whole-body exposure(s) to a monoenergetic carbon ion radiotherapy beam at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan, matching the radiation quality delivered to the normal tissue ahead of the tumour volume. These mice were then monitored for the remainder of their lifespan and a large number of T cell lymphomas were analysed, alongside those arising in mice exposed to equivalent doses of standard Cs137 gamma ray-irradiation. Using genome-wide DNA copy number analysis to identify genomic loci involved in radiation-induced lymphomagenesis and subsequent detailed analysis of Notch1, Ikaros, Pten, Trp53 and Bcl11b genes we compared the genetic profile of the carbon ion- and gamma ray-induced tumours. The canonical set of genes previously associated with radiation-induced T cell lymphoma was identified in both radiation groups. While the pattern of disruption of the various pathways was somewhat different between the radiation types, most notably Pten mutation frequency and loss of heterozygosity flanking Bcl11b, the most striking finding was the observation of large interstitial deletions at various sites across the genome in carbon ion-induced tumours, which were only seen infrequently in the gamma ray-induced tumours analysed. 32 unique tumours (12 gamma ray-induced, 20 carbon ion-induced) each with sex-matched reference DNA
Project description:Assessment of p53 targets by gene expression array analysis in irradiated and nonirradiated Wip1+/+ and Wip1-/- MEFs. Keywords: response to gamma radiation
Project description:Literature data report the helpful role of specific molecularly based signatures to predict response to treatment in cancer, including breast cancer (BC) disease. As known, BC is a heterogeneous disease presenting distinct subtypes with different clinical outcomes. Thus, the choice of a unique treatment plan for all BC patients, including radiation therapy (RT), may be not the best option. Technological advances in RT are evolving with the use of proton beams, which reduce the dose administered to the heart compared to conventional RT. However, limitate data regarding proton-induced molecular changes are currently available. The aim of this study was therefore to study gene expression profiles induced by proton irradiation with 0.5, 2 and 9 Gy of Ionizing radiation (IR) doses in breast cells. The great amount of data here collected, represent an useful tool to better understand the molecular mechanisms elicited by proton irradiation, thereby filling the existing lack of data in the literature.
Project description:The melanized yeast Exophiala dermatitidis is resistant to many environmental stresses, and is used as a model for understanding the diverse roles of melanin in fungi. To further our understanding resistance mechanism of E. dermatitidis to acute γ-radiation exposure and whether melanin plays a role in this process, we performed RNA-seq on WT and the melanin deficient mutant Δpks1 cultures exposed to γ-radiation at the dose of 1000 Gy, which resulted in ~50% cell deaths in both strains. We observed a dramatic transcriptomic response to γ-radiation that mobilizes pathways involved in morphological development, protein degradation, and DNA repair, and is unaffected by the presence of melanin.
Project description:We examined molecular responses using transcriptome profiling in isolated left ventricular murine cardiomyocytes to 90 cGy, 1 GeV proton (1H) and 15 cGy, 1 GeV/nucleon (n) proton (56Fe) particles 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after exposure. Unsupervised clustering analysis of gene expression segregated samples according to the radiation (IR) response, and time after exposure with 56Fe-IR showing the greatest level of gene modulation. 1H-IR exposures showed little differential transcript modulation. Network analysis categorized the major differentially expressed genes into cell cycle, oxidative responses and transcriptional regulation functional groups. Transcriptional networks identified key nodes regulating expression. Individual transcription factors were inferred to be active at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after exposure. Validation of the signal transduction network by protein analysis showed that particle IR clearly regulates a long lived signaling mechanism for p38 MAPK signaling and NFATc4 activation. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays supported the role of additional key transcription factors GATA-4, STAT-3 and NF-κB as regulators of the response at specific time points. These data suggest that the molecular response to 56Fe-IR is unique and shows long-lasting gene expression in cardiomyocytes, up to 28 days after exposure. Additionally, proteins involved in signal transduction and transcriptional activation via DNA binding play a role in the response to high charge (Z) and energy (E) particles (HZE). Our study may have implications for NASAâs efforts to develop heart disease risk estimates for astronauts safety via identification of specific HZE-IR molecular markers and for patients receiving conventional and particle radiotherapy. Transcriptome profiling in isolated left ventricular murine cardiomyocytes to 90 cGy, 1 GeV proton (1H) and 15 cGy, 1 GeV/nucleon (n) proton (56Fe) particles 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after exposure.
Project description:To test Arabidopsis thaliana radiosensitivity to gamma radiation, 6 days old seedlings were exposed for 48 h to 60-Co source at dose rates 1, 10, 40,100 or 290 mGy/h.
Project description:In order to test Norway spruce radiosensitivity to gamma radiation, 6 days old seedlings were exposed for 48 h to 60-Co source at dose rates 1, 10, 40 or 100 mGy/h.