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PROVIDER: PRJNA859270 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Background: While the mechanisms underlying the lactation-induced adaptations of intermediary metabolism and immune response have been extensively studied in rodents and dairy cows, little is known in this regard in sows. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the lactation-induced changes in hepatic gene expression in sows during lactation. Results: Using a porcine whole-genome microarray a total of 632 differentially expressed genes in the liver of lactating compared to non-lactating sows (each n = 10) could be identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, citrate cycle, glycerophospholipid metabolism, PPAR signaling, nitrogen metabolism, and focal adhesion. The most striking observation with respect to intermediary metabolism was that genes involved in fatty acid catabolism, the catabolism of gluconeogenic amino acids, the citrate cycle and the respiratory chain were up-regulated in the liver of sows during lactation. With respect to immune response, it could be demonstrated that genes encoding acute phase proteins and genes involved in tissue repair were up-regulated and genes encoding focal adhesion molecules were down-regulated in the liver of sows during lactation. Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that energy-generating pathways and pathways involved in the delivery of gluconeogenic substrates are induced in the liver of sows during lactation. The alterations of expression of genes encoding proteins involved in immune response suggest that lactation in sows may cause an adaptive immune response which possibly counteracts hepatic inflammation. For microarray analyses, four RNA pools each, for the non-lactating group (n = 4) and the lactating group (n = 4), were prepared from eight individual sows per group. To each RNA pool, RNA from two different sows per group contributed identical amounts of RNA.
2012-05-30 | E-GEOD-38357 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: While the mechanisms underlying the lactation-induced adaptations of intermediary metabolism and immune response have been extensively studied in rodents and dairy cows, little is known in this regard in sows. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the lactation-induced changes in hepatic gene expression in sows during lactation. Results: Using a porcine whole-genome microarray a total of 632 differentially expressed genes in the liver of lactating compared to non-lactating sows (each n = 10) could be identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, citrate cycle, glycerophospholipid metabolism, PPAR signaling, nitrogen metabolism, and focal adhesion. The most striking observation with respect to intermediary metabolism was that genes involved in fatty acid catabolism, the catabolism of gluconeogenic amino acids, the citrate cycle and the respiratory chain were up-regulated in the liver of sows during lactation. With respect to immune response, it could be demonstrated that genes encoding acute phase proteins and genes involved in tissue repair were up-regulated and genes encoding focal adhesion molecules were down-regulated in the liver of sows during lactation. Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that energy-generating pathways and pathways involved in the delivery of gluconeogenic substrates are induced in the liver of sows during lactation. The alterations of expression of genes encoding proteins involved in immune response suggest that lactation in sows may cause an adaptive immune response which possibly counteracts hepatic inflammation.
2012-05-31 | GSE38357 | GEO
Project description:Postoperative insulin resistance refers to the phenomenon that the body’s glucose uptake stimulated by insulin is reduced due to stress effects such as trauma or the inhibitory effect of insulin on liver glucose output is weakened after surgery.
There is a clear link between postoperative insulin resistance and poor perioperative prognosis. Therefore, exploring interventions to reduce postoperative stress insulin resistance, stabilize postoperative blood glucose, and reduce postoperative complications are clinical problems that need to be solved urgently. In recent years, research on branched-chain amino acids and metabolic diseases has become a hot spot. Studies have found that in the rat model, preoperatively given a high branched-chain amino acid diet can inhibit postoperative insulin resistance and stabilize blood glucose levels. This research plan is to try to add branched-chain amino acids before surgery to observe the occurrence of postoperative insulin resistance in patients.
| 2744698 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Atxn2-Knock-Out mice show branched-chain amino acids and fatty acids pathway alterations
2022-01-14 | E-PROT-16 | ExpressionAtlas
Project description:Autism is present in 1% of the population, yet treatments are extremely limited. We identified homozygous inactivating mutations in the BCKDK gene in families presenting with autism and epilepsy. The encoded branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase protein is responsible for phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of the E1-alpha subunit of branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase, itself mutated in Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD). Patients with homozygous BCKDK mutations display reductions in BCKDK mRNA and protein, E1-alpha phosphorylation and serum branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). Bckdk knockout mice show abnormal brain amino acids profiles and neurobehavioral defects, which are largely corrected by dietary BCAA supplementation. Thus autism presenting with epilepsy due to BCKDK mutations represent a new and potentially treatable disease.
2012-07-18 | GSE39447 | GEO
Project description:CodY is a nutritional regulator mainly involved in amino acid metabolism. It has been extensively studied in Bacillis subtilis and Lactococcus lactis. We investigated the role of CodY in gene regulation and virulence of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. We constructed a codY-mutant and examined the effect on gene and protein expression by microarray and 2D DIGE analysis. The pneumococcal CodY-regulon was found to consist predominantly of genes involved in amino acid metabolism, but also several other cellular processes, such as carbon metabolism and iron uptake. By means of electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNA footprinting, we showed that most targets identified are under direct control of CodY. By mutating DNA predicted to represent the CodY-box based on the L. lactis consensus, we demonstrated that this sequence is indeed required for in vitro DNA-binding to target promoters. Similar to L. lactis, DNA-binding of CodY was enhanced in the presence of the branched chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine, and not by GTP. We observed in experimental mouse models that CodY is transcribed in the murine nasopharynx and lungs, and is specifically required for colonization. This finding was underscored by the diminished ability of the codY-mutant to adhere to nasopharyngeal cells in vitro. In conclusion, pneumococcal CodY predominantly regulates genes involved in amino acid metabolism and contributes to the early stages of infection, i.e. colonization of the nasopharynx. Keywords: codY CodY of Streptococcus pneumoniae: link between nutritional gene regulation and virulence
2010-05-25 | E-GEOD-7350 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Metabolic reprogramming is critical for tumor initiation and progression. However, the exact impact of specific metabolic changes on cancer progression is poorly understood. Here, we integrate multimodal analyses of primary and metastatic clonally-related clear cell renal cancer cells (ccRCC) grown in physiological media to identify key stage-specific metabolic vulnerabilities. We show that a VHL loss-dependent reprogramming of branched-chain amino acid catabolism sustains the de novo biosynthesis of aspartate and arginine enabling tumor cells with the flexibility of partitioning the nitrogen of the amino acids depending on their needs. Importantly, we identify the epigenetic reactivation of argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1), a urea cycle enzyme suppressed in primary ccRCC, as a crucial event for metastatic renal cancer cells to acquire the capability to generate arginine, invade in vitro and metastasize in vivo. Overall, our study uncovers a mechanism of metabolic flexibility occurring during ccRCC progression, paving the way for the development of novel stage-specific therapies.
2022-11-10 | GSE217211 | GEO
Project description:Besides being building blocks for protein synthesis, amino acids serve a wide variety of cellular functions, including acting as metabolic intermediates for ATP generation and for redox homeostasis. Upon amino acid deprivation, free uncharged tRNAs trigger GCN2-ATF4 to mediate the well-characterized transcriptional amino acid response (AAR). However, it is not clear whether the deprivation of different individual amino acids triggers identical or distinct AARs. Here, we characterized the global transcriptional response upon deprivation of one amino acid at a time. With the exception of glycine, which was not required for the proliferation of MCF7 cells, we found that the deprivation of most amino acids triggered a shared transcriptional response that included the activation of ATF4, p53 and TXNIP. However, there was also significant heterogeneity among different individual AARs. The most dramatic transcriptional response was triggered by methionine deprivation, which activated an extensive and unique response in different cell types. We uncovered that the specific methionine-deprived transcriptional response required creatine biosynthesis. This dependency on creatine biosynthesis was caused by the consumption of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) during creatine biosynthesis that helps to deplete SAM under methionine deprivation and reduces histone methylations. As such, the simultaneous deprivation of methionine and sources of creatine biosynthesis (either arginine or glycine) abolished the reduction of histone methylation and the methionine-specific transcriptional response. Arginine-derived ornithine was also required for the complete induction of the methionine-deprived specific gene response. Collectively, our data identify a previously unknown set of heterogeneous amino acid responses and reveal a distinct methionine-deprived transcriptional response that results from the crosstalk of arginine, glycine and methionine metabolism via arginine/glycine-dependent creatine biosynthesis. RNA was extracted by RNAeasy kits (Qiagen) from the MCF7 or PC3 cells which exposed to the control full DMEM or deprived one (or all) amino acid media for 24 or 48 hours.
2015-04-01 | E-GEOD-62673 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Limitation for amino acids is thought to regulate translation in mammalian cells primarily by signaling through the kinases mTORC1 and GCN2. We find that limitation for the amino acid arginine causes a selective loss of tRNA charging, which regulates translation through ribosome pausing at two of six arginine codons. Interestingly, limitation for leucine, an essential and abundant amino acid in protein, results in little or no ribosome pausing. Chemical and genetic perturbation of mTORC1 and GCN2 signaling revealed that their robust response to leucine limitation prevents ribosome pausing, while an insufficient response to arginine limitation led to loss of arginine tRNA charging and ribosome pausing. Codon-specific ribosome pausing decreased protein production and triggered premature ribosome termination without significantly reducing mRNA levels. Together, our results suggest that amino acids which are not optimally sensed by the mTORC1 and GCN2 pathways still regulate translation through an evolutionarily conserved mechanism based on synonymous codon usage.
2018-07-19 | GSE113751 | GEO
Project description:Porcine mammary epithelial cell (PMEC) cultures of three lactating sows were treated with potential mastitis-causing pathogens E. coli and S. aureus in vitro. Subsequently transcriptome profiles were analysed after 3 h and 24 h post-challenge, respectively.
2015-12-18 | GSE64246 | GEO