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RACK1 associates with RNA-binding proteins Vigilin and SERBP1 to influence dengue virus replication

ABSTRACT: Dengue virus (DENV), a re-emerging virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, causes severe pathogenesis in humans. No effective treatment is available against this virus. We recently identified the scaffold protein RACK1 as a component of the DENV replication complex, a macromolecular complex essential for viral genome amplification. Here, we show that RACK1 is important for DENV infection. RACK1 mediates DENV replication through binding to the 40S ribosomal subunit. Mass spectrometry analysis of RACK1 partners coupled to a loss-of-function screen identified the RNA binding proteins Vigilin and SERBP1 as DENV host dependency factors. Vigilin and SERBP1 interact with DENV viral RNA (vRNA), forming a ternary complex with RACK1 to mediate viral replication. Overall, our results indicate that RACK1 recruits Vigilin and SERBP1, linking the DENV vRNA to the translation machinery for optimal translation and replication.

INSTRUMENT(S): LTQ Orbitrap Velos

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Kidney

DISEASE(S): Dengue Disease,Disease Free

SUBMITTER: Alexis Brugier

LAB HEAD: Ali Amara

PROVIDER: PXD030765 | Pride | 2022-02-04

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:Lipid metabolism is an intricate yet crucial cellular process co-opted by multiple viruses for replication and biogenesis. Transmembrane Protein 41B (TMEM41B) and Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) are two recently identified ER-resident lipid scramblases that play a role in autophagosome formation and cellular lipid metabolism. Importantly, TMEM41B is also a newly validated host dependency factor required for productive infection of several medically important enveloped RNA viruses, such as flaviviruses and human coronaviruses. However, the exact underlying mechanism of TMEM414B in modulating viral infections remains an open question. Here, we uncovered that TMEM41B and VMP1 deficiencies severely impaired replication of flavivirus and human coronavirus via multiple parallel cellular mechanisms. In accordance with previous reports, we validated that both TMEM41B and VMP1 are indispensable for all four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) to infect human cells, but not chikungunya virus, an alphavirus. Impaired dengue virus replication in TMEM41B and VMP1 deficient cells could induce a robust activation of innate immune RNA sensing as evidenced by hyperactivation of RIG-I and MDA5. However, this phenomenon was a consequence but not the root cause of the diminished viral replication. Notably, the impact of TMEM41B deficiency on DENV replication could be reversed by complementing the cells using exogenous unsaturated fatty acids, indicating a metabolic role for TMEM41B in flavivirus infection. Furthermore, we found that derailed cellular energy metabolism could be a contributing factor to block DENV infection as TMEM41B and VMP1 deficient cells harbored higher levels of compromised mitochondria that exhibited aberrant functions in facilitating beta-oxidation. Using lipidome and metabolome profiling of TMEM41B and VMP1 deficient cells, we further revealed that each of these genetic deficiencies result in distinctive cellular metabolic dysregulations, underlining their necessity for a balanced metabolic landscape, and strengthening the metabolic role of these ER membrane proteins in facilitating virus infection. Our results highlighted that TMEM41B and VMP1 are required for homeostasis of cellular metabolism, and this metabolic role contributes to their essentiality in facilitating DENV infection.

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RACK1 associates with RNA-binding proteins Vigilin and SERBP1 to influence dengue virus replication

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