Project description:This phase II trial studies how well giving fludarabine phosphate, cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and total-body irradiation together with a donor bone marrow transplant works in treating patients with high-risk hematologic cancer. Giving low doses of chemotherapy, such as fludarabine phosphate and cyclophosphamide, and total-body irradiation before a donor bone marrow transplant helps stop the growth of cancer cells by stopping them from dividing or killing them. Giving cyclophosphamide after transplant may also stop the patient’s immune system from rejecting the donor’s bone marrow stem cells. The donated stem cells may replace the patient’s immune system cells and help destroy any remaining cancer cells (graft-versus-tumor effect). Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can also make an immune response against the body’s normal cells. Giving tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil after the transplant may stop this from happening
Project description:RATIONALE: Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage cancer cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with bone marrow transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more tumor cells.
PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of bone marrow transplantation in treating patients who have hematologic cancer.
Project description:This phase I clinical trial is studying the side effects and the best dose of lenalidomide after donor bone marrow transplant in treating patients with high-risk hematologic cancer. Biological therapies, such as lenalidomide, may stimulate the immune system in different ways and stop cancer cells from growing.
Project description:After irradiation and bone-marrow transplantation, most of microglia and boarder-associated macrophages in the central nervous system is replaced by engranft cells. Taking advantages of Ms4a3-Cre: R26-TdTomato: Cx3cr1-gfp mice, we discriminated cells from monocyte precursors and hematopoietic stem cells with colors at 32 weeks following irradiation and bone-marrow transplantation. We sorted HSC-derived, monocyte-derived, and endogenouse microglia and leptomeningeal macrophages, and analyzed gene expression level between different cell populations using a bulk RNAseq method.
Project description:Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the central nervous system (CNS) is not disconnected from the peripheral immune system; however, precisely how the adaptive immune system surveils the CNS remains a critical question. Recent findings reveal that channels between the dura mater and the skull facilitate the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and immune cells between the CNS and skull bone marrow (BM) under both homeostatic and disease conditions. Skull BM serves as a source of innate immune cells for the CNS, yet its role in adaptive immune responses remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we identify lymphoid structures within the skull BM, featuring germinal center-like formations and harboring a distinct population of follicular helper-like T cells that promote B cell activation and humoral immunity through CD40L, IL-21, and IFN-γ signaling. Adaptive immune cells within these skull BM lymphoid structures surveil and respond to CNS-derived antigens, which we demonstrate to be critical for optimal antitumor immunity in murine brain cancer models. Our discovery of distinct anatomical sites in the skull BM that enable adaptive immunosurveillance of the CNS highlights promising avenues for immunotherapies targeting neurological diseases, including brain cancers.
Project description:Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the central nervous system (CNS) is not disconnected from the peripheral immune system; however, precisely how the adaptive immune system surveils the CNS remains a critical question. Recent findings reveal that channels between the dura mater and the skull facilitate the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and immune cells between the CNS and skull bone marrow (BM) under both homeostatic and disease conditions. Skull BM serves as a source of innate immune cells for the CNS, yet its role in adaptive immune responses remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we identify lymphoid structures within the skull BM, featuring germinal center-like formations and harboring a distinct population of follicular helper-like T cells that promote B cell activation and humoral immunity through CD40L, IL-21, and IFN-γ signaling. Adaptive immune cells within these skull BM lymphoid structures surveil and respond to CNS-derived antigens, which we demonstrate to be critical for optimal antitumor immunity in murine brain cancer models. Our discovery of distinct anatomical sites in the skull BM that enable adaptive immunosurveillance of the CNS highlights promising avenues for immunotherapies targeting neurological diseases, including brain cancers.
Project description:EAE is a chronic demyelinating condition characterized by central nervous system immune infiltration. Spinal cord injury results in damage to the spinal cord, partially due to leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory contributions. Here we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of spinal cord tissue to examine how CNS-infiltrating cells from different niches may play distinct roles in different disease pathogenesis.