The response to influenza vaccination is associated with DNA methylation-driven regulation of T cell innate antiviral pathways
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1099233 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR28630000_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28630000_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28630001_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28630001_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28630002_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The effect of vaccination on the epigenome remains poorly characterized. In previous research, we identified an association between seroprotection against influenza and DNA methylation at sites associated with the RIG-1 signaling pathway, which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and leads to a type I interferon response. However, these studies did not fully account for confounding factors including age, gender, and BMI, along with changes in cell type composition. Here, we studied the influenza vaccine response in a longitudinal cohort vaccinated over two consecutive years (2019–2020 and 2020–2021), using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a targeted DNA methylation approach. To address the effects of multiple factors on the epigenome, we designed a multivariate multiple regression model that included seroprotection levels as quantified by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay test. Our findings indicate that 179 methylation sites can be combined as potential signatures to predict seroprotection. These sites were not only enriched for genes involved in the regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway, as found previously, but also enriched for other genes associated with innate immunity to viruses and the transcription factor binding sites of BRD4, which is known to impact T cell memory. We propose a model to suggest that the RIG-I pathway and BRD4 could potentially be modulated to improve immunization strategies.
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Project description:Many modern vaccines use defined adjuvants to stimulate the innate immune system and shape the adaptive immune response. The exact nature of these innate signals and whether immune differentiation can originate within the periphery is not known. In the present study we used an ovine lymphatic cannulation model to characterise the cellular and transcriptomic profile of the afferent lymph following injection of a liposomal vaccine formulation incorporating diphtheria toxoid and the innate stimulator poly (I:C) over a 78 h period. The response to this vaccine featured an early activation of broad proinflammatory pathways (e.g. TLR signalling and inflammasome pathways) and the transient recruitment of granulocytes into the lymph. At 24hrs a more monocytic cellular profile arose coinciding with a transition to a specific antiviral response characterised by the up-regulation of genes associated with the receptors typical for the viral mimic, poly (I:C) (e.g. TLR3, RIG-I and MDA5). At the latest time points the up-regulation of IL-17A and IL-17F suggested that Th17 cells may participate in the earliest adaptive response to this vaccine. Together these data provide the most comprehensive picture of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link the periphery to the draining lymph node following vaccination and indicate that the immune response is capable of specialising within the periphery. This study employed an ovine model of pseudoafferent lymphatic cannulation (see de Veer et al. 2010, Vaccine) to characterise the innate immune response within the afferent lymph to vaccination with liposomes+poly (I:C)+ diptheria toxoid. The sheep used in this study had both their pre-femoral lymph nodes removed at 1 year of age. Approximately 1 year after the lymph node removal, a second surgery was performed to insert a 0.96_0.58mm heparin-coated polyvinyl chloride cannula into the pseudoafferent (previous efferent) lymphatic duct of both sides. At least seven days were allowed for healing to occur after surgery before vaccinations were administered and experimental lymph samples were collected. Handling of animals and experimental procedures were all approved by the Monash University Animal Ethics Committee in accordance with the relevant licensing agreement. Vaccinations were injected subcutaneously in the area drained by the prefemoral lymph node. Afferent lymphatic samples were collected prior to vaccination as a control (PRE) and at 4-6, 26-28, 51-53 and 76-78 hours post vaccination with liposomes+poly (I:C)+ diptheria toxoid. Lymphocytes were removed from the afferent lymph using immunomagnetic separation. Next-generation sequencing was performed on RNA derived from the remaining innate immune cells. Samples from three sheep were used at all time points except 4-6 and 26-28 hours, where only two samples yielded sufficient RNA for sequencing.
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Project description:Acute viral infections can have durable functional impacts on the immune system long after recovery, but how they affect homeostatic immune states and responses to future perturbations remain poorly understood. Here we use systems immunology approaches, including longitudinal multimodal single cell analysis (surface proteins, transcriptome, and V(D)J sequences), to comparatively assess baseline immune statuses and responses to influenza vaccination in 33 healthy individuals after recovery from mild, non-hospitalized COVID-19 (mean: 151 days after diagnosis) and 40 age- and sex-matched controls who never had COVID-19. At baseline and independent of time since COVID-19, recoverees had elevated T-cell activation signatures and lower expression of innate immune genes in monocytes. COVID-19-recovered males had coordinately higher innate, influenza-specific plasmablast, and antibody responses after vaccination compared to healthy male and COVID-19-recovered females, partly because male recoverees had monocytes with higher IL-15 responses early after vaccination coupled with elevated pre-vaccination frequencies of "virtual memory" like CD8+ T-cells poised to produce more IFNg upon IL-15 stimulation. In addition, the expression of the repressed innate immune genes in monocytes increased by day 1 through day 28 post-vaccination in recoverees, thus moving towards the pre-vaccination baseline of healthy controls. In contrast, these genes decreased on day 1 and returned to the baseline by day 28 in controls. Our study reveals sex-dimorphic impacts of prior mild COVID-19 and suggests that viral infections in humans can establish new immunological set-points impacting future immune responses in an antigen-agnostic manner.
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Project description:BackgroundThe effect of vaccination on the epigenome remains poorly characterized. In previous research, we identified an association between seroprotection against influenza and DNA methylation at sites associated with the RIG-1 signaling pathway, which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and leads to a type I interferon response. However, these studies did not fully account for confounding factors including age, gender, and BMI, along with changes in cell-type composition.ResultsHere, we studied the influenza vaccine response in a longitudinal cohort vaccinated over two consecutive years (2019-2020 and 2020-2021), using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a targeted DNA methylation approach. To address the effects of multiple factors on the epigenome, we designed a multivariate multiple regression model that included seroprotection levels as quantified by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay test.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that 179 methylation sites can be combined as potential signatures to predict seroprotection. These sites were not only enriched for genes involved in the regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway, as found previously, but also enriched for other genes associated with innate immunity to viruses and the transcription factor binding sites of BRD4, which is known to impact T cell memory. We propose a model to suggest that the RIG-I pathway and BRD4 could potentially be modulated to improve immunization strategies.
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Project description:Acute viral infections can have durable functional impacts on the immune system long after recovery, but how they affect homeostatic immune states and responses to future perturbations remain poorly understood. Here we use systems immunology approaches, including longitudinal multimodal single cell analysis (surface proteins, transcriptome, and V(D)J sequences), to comparatively assess baseline immune statuses and responses to influenza vaccination in 33 healthy individuals after recovery from mild, non-hospitalized COVID-19 (mean: 151 days after diagnosis) and 40 age- and sex-matched controls who never had COVID-19. At baseline and independent of time since COVID-19, recoverees had elevated T-cell activation signatures and lower expression of innate immune genes in monocytes. COVID-19-recovered males had coordinately higher innate, influenza-specific plasmablast, and antibody responses after vaccination compared to healthy male and COVID-19-recovered females, partly because male recoverees had monocytes with higher IL-15 responses early after vaccination coupled with elevated pre-vaccination frequencies of "virtual memory" like CD8+ T-cells poised to produce more IFNg upon IL-15 stimulation. In addition, the expression of the repressed innate immune genes in monocytes increased by day 1 through day 28 post-vaccination in recoverees, thus moving towards the pre-vaccination baseline of healthy controls. In contrast, these genes decreased on day 1 and returned to the baseline by day 28 in controls. Our study reveals sex-dimorphic impacts of prior mild COVID-19 and suggests that viral infections in humans can establish new immunological set-points impacting future immune responses in an antigen-agnostic manner.
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