Project description:Competition among nitrate reducing bacteria (NRB) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) for resources in anoxic environments is generally thought to be governed largely by thermodynamics. It is now recognized that intermediates of nitrogen and sulfur cycling (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, nitrite, etc.) can also directly impact NRB and SRB activities in freshwater, wastewater and sediment, and therefore may play important roles in competitive interactions. Here, using Intrasporangium calvum C5 as a model NRB, we performed comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to demonstrate that the reduced sulfur compounds cysteine and sulfide differentially inhibit respiratory growth on nitrate, and that inhibition by each can be selectively relieved by a specific carbon source. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the interplay and stratification of NRBs and SRBs in diverse environments.
Project description:Hydrogen sulfide is a gasotransmitter with biological functions, including roles in antioxidant defenses, mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular signaling via cysteine persulfidation. Several longevity-promoting interventions enhance endogenous hydrogen sulfide generation. However, whether enhanced hydrogen sulfide generation extends healthspan and lifespan in mammals remains unknown. Here, we investigated the in vivo effects of the non-enzymatic hydrogen sulfide generation promoted by natural diallyl sulforated compounds. Diallyl sulforated compounds extended lifespan and improved the main aspects of healthspan, including glucoregulation, locomotor function and neurocognition in wild type male mice across their lifespan. At histological and molecular levels, we observed reductions in hepatic lipid-droplet size, attenuation of transcriptional and proteomic signatures associated with mTOR and immune-related pathways, and increased cysteine persulfidation in proteins. In humans, greater protein persulfidation in individuals with polypathological conditions was associated with increased muscle strength and lower triglyceride levels, supporting its physiological relevance. Our findings uncover the potential of enhanced hydrogen sulfide generation to promote healthy aging.
Project description:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a metabolic endproduct of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the large intestine, represents a genotoxic insult to the colonic epithelium, which may also be linked with chronic disorders such as ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. The present study defined the early (30 minutes) and late (4 hours) response of non-transformed human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs 74 Int) to sulfide. We measured the genotoxicity of Na2S using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Changes in gene expression were analyzed after exposure to a genotoxic–but not cytotoxic–concentration of sulfide (500 μM Na2S) using pathway specific quantitative RT-PCR gene arrays.
Project description:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a metabolic endproduct of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the large intestine, represents a genotoxic insult to the colonic epithelium, which may also be linked with chronic disorders such as ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. The present study defined the early (30 minutes) and late (4 hours) response of non-transformed human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs 74 Int) to sulfide. We measured the genotoxicity of Na2S using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Changes in gene expression were analyzed after exposure to a genotoxic–but not cytotoxic–concentration of sulfide (500 μM Na2S) using pathway specific quantitative RT-PCR gene arrays
Project description:Marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea are known to lack the catalase gene that functions as a scavenger at high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, nearly isolated ammonia-oxidizing archaea require the addition of a hydrogen peroxide scavenger to their culture medium, despite being aerobic. To understand the transcriptomic response to hydrogen peroxide stress, we performed RNA-Seq analysis under two different conditions: one without the addition of a hydrogen peroxide scavenger and one with the addition of a hydrogen peroxide scavenger as a control.
Project description:As one of the most important environmental factors, heat stress (HS) has been found to affect various biological activities of organisms such as growth, signal transmission, primary metabolism and secondary metabolism. Ganoderma lucidum has become a potential model system for evaluating how environmental factors regulate the secondary metabolism of basidiomycetes. Previous research showed that HS can induce the biosynthesis of ganoderic acids (GAs). In this study, we found the existence of hydrogen sulfide in Ganoderma lucidum; moreover, HS increased GAs biosynthesis and could affect the hydrogen sulfide content. We found that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an exogenous donor of hydrogen sulfide, could revert the increased GAs biosynthesis elicited by HS. This result indicated that an increased content of hydrogen sulfide, within limits, was associated with HS-induced GAs biosynthesis. Our results further showed that the GAs content was increased in CBS-silenced strains and could be reverted to WT strain levels by the addition of NaHS. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that that H2S can affect various intracellular signal pathways and physiological processes in G. lucidum. Further studies showed that H2S could affect the intracellular calcium concentration and thus regulate the biosynthesis of GAs. This study demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolic processes induced by heat stress in filamentous fungi.
Project description:Interventions: Case series:nill;The control group:nill
Primary outcome(s): Hydrogen sulfide;Pathological diagnosis
Study Design: Case-Control study
Project description:Microbial sulfur cycling and chemoautotrophy are focal points of research in cold seeps. However, limited culture-dependent and in-situ studies have described the biological features and ecological significance of chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In this study, we isolated Guyparkeria hydrothermalis SP2, a thiosulfate/sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacterium, from cold-seep sediment. Electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and stoichiometry confirmed the efficient production of zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) by G. hydrothermalis SP2. Genomic, transcriptomic, and qRT-PCR analyses revealed its utilization of the Sox pathway for thiosulfate oxidation and the fccB gene for sulfide oxidation. Its chemoautotrophic capability mediated by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle was identified through isotopic and qRT-PCR analyses. In-situ studies demonstrated its ability to produce ZVS by oxidizing sulfide in cold seeps, with a preference for different genes compared to those under laboratory conditions. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses indicated the ubiquity of its sulfur oxidation-based chemoautotrophic pathway in cold seep sediments. Therefore, this strain holds significance for investigating sulfur oxidation-based chemoautotrophic pathways in cold seeps.