Project description:HER2 is an oncogenic driver in multiple cancers and a predictive biomarker for HER2-targeted therapies. While HER2-directed therapies like fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) are approved for HER2-positive breast and other solid tumors, the landscape of HER2 expression in advanced prostate cancer (PC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC) remains inadequately characterized.This study demonstrates that HER2 is rarely overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancer but is more common and consistent in urothelial carcinoma. These findings highlight the need for HER2 testing in urothelial cancer.
Project description:Inverted papilloma (IP) of the urinary bladder is a relatively rare neoplasm that accounts for < 1% of bladder tumor. Although generally accepted as a benign lesion, occasional reports of IP admixed with urothelial carcinoma (UC) or IP patients with synchronous or metachronous UC have raised a concern in the biologic potential of IP.
Project description:Smoking is a major risk factor for Urothelial carcinoma (UC). However the complex mechanisms, how smoking promotes carcinogenesis and tumour progression, remain obscure. A microarray based approached was therefore performed to detect the smoking derived gene expression alteration in non-malignant and malignant urothelial tissues from patients with superficial or invasive UC. Smoking enhanced cell migration and response to tissue damages. In non-malignant tissues smoking induced immune response and altered the cytoskeleton. In urothelial carcinoma, smoking altered extracellular and chromosome structures. Smoking affected tissues from patients with invasive carcinomamore strongly, up-regulating particularly growth factors and oncogenes in non-malignant tissue of patients with invasive but not with superficial carcinoma. In former smokers, comparable changes were seen in tissues form patients with invasive disease while they were minor or reversed in tissue of patients with superficial disease. Best but not complete tissue repair was suggestedfor non-malignant tissue from patients with superficial tumours. we used microarray techniques to define gene expression profile which may explain the contribution of smoking to urothelial carcinoma. Gene expression profiling using GeneChip HG-U133A Plus 2.0 (Affymetrix) was performed on non-malignant and carcinogenic urothelium from six patients with superficial and six with invasive urothelial carcinoma, each group including two current, former, and non-smokers.
Project description:Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, the second most prevalent cancer within the urothelial system, often evades immune recognition by natural killer (NK) cells, but studies have shown that cyproheptadine (CPH), an anti-histamine drug, exhibits anticancer effects in this carcinoma. Co-culturing CPH-treated cells with NKG2D-expressing NK92 cells resulted in enhanced NK-mediated lysis of UC cells, with RNA-seq analysis revealing increased expression of the NKG2D ligand ULBP2 in CPH-treated cells. We hypothesize that cyproheptadine as a epigenetic modifier enhances NK-mediated cytotoxicity by restoring NKG2D ligands and CCL3 and as a control we used entinostat a known FDA approved HDAC1/3 inhibitor. Targeting NK cells offers a promising strategy against urothelial carcinoma. Further analysis showed epigenetic regulation of ULBP2 expression with increased H3K27Ac active mark enrichment in CPH-treated cells. Overexpression of ULBP2 led to increased NK-mediated lysis, while knockdown reduced it in CPH-treated urothelial carcinoma cells. Additionally, CPH treatment enhanced the anti-tumor effect in a mouse model, likely due to increased NK and NKT cell infiltration. In summary, CPH triggers an innate immune response against urothelial carcinoma by promoting NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity through ULBP2 and CCL3 restoration.
Project description:Expression profiling by arrays Urothelial carcinoma (UC) can arise at any location along the urothelial tract, including the urethra, bladder, ureter or renal pelvis. Although tumors arising in these various locations demonstrate similar morphology, it is unclear whether the gene expression profiles are similar in the upper tract (ureter and renal pelvis) or in the lower tract (bladder and urethra) carcinomas, especially given their different embryologic origins. As differences may facilitate potentially different screening and treatment modalities, we sought to examine the relationship between urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis (rUC) and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (bUC). Fresh tumor tissue was collected from patients with bUC (n=10) and benign mucosa from the bladder (n=7) was collected from individuals undergoing resection for non-UC conditions for comparison. Gene expression profiles from these samples were determined using high-throughput Affymetrix gene expression microarray chips. Bioinformatic approaches were used to compare gene expression profiles of these samples and those of rUC (n= 14) and normal kidney (n=14) that were mostly used in our previous publication. Using unsupervised analytic approaches, rUC and bUC were indistinguishable. When supervised analytic approach was used, a very small number of potentially differentially expressed genes was identified; these differences were most likely to be limited to a single pathway - the chloride ion binding activity pathway -which was more frequently activated in rUC than in bUC. We found that the gene expression profiles of UCs from the upper and lower tract were extremely similar, suggesting that similar pathogenic mechanisms likely function in the development of these tumors. The differential expression of genes in the identified pathway may represent a potential new avenue for detection of upper tract tumors. Tissue samples with urothelial cell carcinoma from lower tract (bladder) as well as normal references were collected and the gene expression profiles were compared with gene expression profiles of samples in our previously published data set . No technical replicates.
Project description:Urine cytologic examination is a widely used primary pathologic screening test in the diagnosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), however the low diagnostic accuracy remains challenging. We conducted high-throughput proteome on ten pairs of BLCA and benign urothelial lesion (BUL) to identify a supportive proteomic marker as an ancillary test in liquid based cytology (LBC).
Project description:Class I histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 contribute to cell proliferation and are commonly upregulated in urothelial carcinoma (UC). To evaluate whether specific inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2 might serve as an appropriate therapy of UC we applied specific siRNA mediated double knockdown of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in the UCCs VM-CUB1 and UM-UC-3. HDAC1/2 double knockdown significantly reduced proliferation and clonogenicity of UC cells.
Project description:To identify the possible targets in EMT-acquisition after developing acquired platinum resistance in urothelial carcinoma (UC), we examined the changes in global gene expression before and after development of acquired platinum resistance. Comparing two types of acquired platinum resistant UC cells and their corresponding parent cells, in the end we identified 49 genes (25 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated genes) which were commonly changed in two acquired platinum resistant UC cells.
Project description:Smoking is a major risk factor for Urothelial carcinoma (UC). However the complex mechanisms, how smoking promotes carcinogenesis and tumour progression, remain obscure. A microarray based approached was therefore performed to detect the smoking derived gene expression alteration in non-malignant and malignant urothelial tissues from patients with superficial or invasive UC. Smoking enhanced cell migration and response to tissue damages. In non-malignant tissues smoking induced immune response and altered the cytoskeleton. In urothelial carcinoma, smoking altered extracellular and chromosome structures. Smoking affected tissues from patients with invasive carcinomamore strongly, up-regulating particularly growth factors and oncogenes in non-malignant tissue of patients with invasive but not with superficial carcinoma. In former smokers, comparable changes were seen in tissues form patients with invasive disease while they were minor or reversed in tissue of patients with superficial disease. Best but not complete tissue repair was suggestedfor non-malignant tissue from patients with superficial tumours. we used microarray techniques to define gene expression profile which may explain the contribution of smoking to urothelial carcinoma.
Project description:Even though urothelial cancer (UC) is the fourth common tumor type among males, progress in treatment development has been deficient. Pathological assessment provides the urologists with only a broad classification, complicated by frequent disagreement among pathologist and the co-existence of different grading systems. Consequently, there is a great need for an objective, reproducible and biologically relevant classification system to make treatment more efficient. In the present investigation we present a molecular taxonomy for UC stratification based on integrated genomics. We used gene expression profiles from 308 UC to define seven molecular subtypes using step-by-step partitions and a bootstrap approach. Results were validated in three independent and publically available data sets. The subtypes differ significantly with respect to expression of cell cycle genes, of receptor tyrosine kinases particularity FGFR3, ERBB2 (HER2), and EGFR, of an FGFR3 associated gene expression signature, of cytokaratins, and of cell adhesion genes. The subtypes also differ significantly with respect to FGFR3, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations. The expression of key proteins was validated by IHC on TMA. A further inspection indicated that the subtypes could be reduced to four major types of UC; Urobasal/D-driven, Genomically unstable/E-driven, Evolved urobasal, and Basal/SCC like, with characteristic and highly divergent molecular phenotypes. We show that the molecular subtypes cut across pathological classification and that tumors classified as one subtype maintain their characteristic molecular phenotype irrespective of pathological stage and grade. Available data from the Drugbank database and the Cochrane central registry of controlled trials indicate that susceptibility to specific drugs is more likely to be associated with the molecular stratification than with pathological classification. The presented molecular taxonomy stratifies UC into subtypes with distinct molecular phenotypes and biological properties. We anticipate that the molecular taxonomy will be a useful tool in future clinical investigations. Total RNA from fresh-frozen resection samples of 308 urothelial carcinomas was hybridized to the Illumina HumanHT-12 V3.0 expression beadchip arrays (Illumina Inc) at the SCIBLU Genomics Centre at Lund University Sweden (http://www.lth.se/sciblu). Supplementary files: GSE32894_non-normalized_308UCsamples.txt file = Raw intensity values for 308 UC (urothelial tumor) samples subjected only to background correction. GSE32894_reps_normals_preprocess*.txt files = Descriptive details and non-normalized data for technical replicates and normal samples that were used only in the preprocessing of the data. This dataset partly overlaps with Series GSE32549. Names of the overlapping sample names are the same, but the title of each sample is unique to the hybridization.