Project description:This study was undertaken to assess the similarities (or differences) between the well-established PPARγ agonist Rosiglitazone and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diclofenac, indomethacin and ibuprofen, as well as the partial agonist GQ16 at the transcriptome level. Assessment of NSAID and GQ16 activities in PPARγ-dependent 3T3-L1 cells reveals that NSAIDs and GQ16 display similar effects toward PPARγ-dependent target genes in a manner similar to that of Rosiglitazone.
Project description:Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and development of various human illnesses. The use of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is now much more frequent and presents a number of unwanted side effects. For example long- or short-term usage of SAIDs presents multiple negative side effects such as stomach irritation, thinning of the skin, immune defence regression, weight gain and even sometimes a cortico-dependence, and NSAIDs have been linked to a higher risk of strokes, heart attacks, and heart-related deaths. In parallel, there has been renewed interest in alternative medicines and natural therapies and thousands of potential medicinal plants, including sage and chamomile. This study assesses the gene expression responses of human mature adipopcytes (differentiated from fibroblastic pre-adipocytes [PromoCell, Germany; Catalogue #C-12730]), pre-treated with aqueous ethanol extract of sage (Salvia officinalis) or Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), following 4h or 24h treatment with IL-1B versus control conditions.
Project description:Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and development of various human illnesses. The use of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is now much more frequent and presents a number of unwanted side effects. For example long- or short-term usage of SAIDs presents multiple negative side effects such as stomach irritation, thinning of the skin, immune defence regression, weight gain and even sometimes a cortico-dependence, and NSAIDs have been linked to a higher risk of strokes, heart attacks, and heart-related deaths. In parallel, there has been renewed interest in alternative medicines and natural therapies and thousands of potential medicinal plants, including sage and chamomile. This study assesses the gene expression responses of human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, pre-treated with aqueous ethanol extracts of sage (Salvia officinalis) or Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), following 4h or 24h treatment with IL-1B versus control conditions.
Project description:We previously showed that doxycycline and carprofen , a veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, have synergistic antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococus pseudintermedius (MRSP) carrying the tetracycline resistance determinant TetK. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of this synergy, we investigated the effects of the two drugs, individually and in combination, using a comprehensive approach including two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE).
Project description:Introgressed variants from other species can be an important source of genetic variation because they may arise rapidly, can include multiple mutations on a single haplotype, and have often been pretested by selection in the species of origin. Although introgressed alleles are generally deleterious, several studies have reported introgression as the source of adaptive alleles-including the rodenticide-resistant variant of Vkorc1 that introgressed from Mus spretus into European populations of Mus musculus domesticus. Here, we conducted bidirectional genome scans to characterize introgressed regions into one wild population of M. spretus from Spain and three wild populations of M. m. domesticus from France, Germany, and Iran. Despite the fact that these species show considerable intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation, introgression was observed in all individuals, including in the M. musculus reference genome (GRCm38). Mus spretus individuals had a greater proportion of introgression compared with M. m. domesticus, and within M. m. domesticus, the proportion of introgression decreased with geographic distance from the area of sympatry. Introgression was observed on all autosomes for both species, but not on the X-chromosome in M. m. domesticus, consistent with known X-linked hybrid sterility and inviability genes that have been mapped to the M. spretus X-chromosome. Tract lengths were generally short with a few outliers of up to 2.7 Mb. Interestingly, the longest introgressed tracts were in olfactory receptor regions, and introgressed tracts were significantly enriched for olfactory receptor genes in both species, suggesting that introgression may be a source of functional novelty even between species with high barriers to gene flow.
Project description:NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and prevent Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at preclinical stages in cognitively normal aging populations. We modeled NSAID prevention of memory impairment in AD model mice to identify novel targets of NSAID action. We found that the widely-used NSAID ibuprofen prevented early hippocampus-dependent memory deficits in APP-PS1 mice. We therefore analyzed gene expression in the hippocampus of these mice.
