Project description:Single clonal glandular stem cells derived from human parotid glands do not attain malignant phenotype during long-term in vitro culture
Project description:Our single-cell and bulk transcriptome analyses revealed striking molecular heterogeneity in the mesenchymal cells of embryonic submandibular and parotid salivary glands during bud initiation, including distinct mesodermal and neural crest-derived molecular signatures that foreshadow later functions.
Project description:Our single-cell and bulk transcriptome analyses revealed striking molecular heterogeneity in the mesenchymal cells of embryonic submandibular and parotid salivary glands during bud initiation, including distinct mesodermal and neural crest-derived molecular signatures that foreshadow later functions.
Project description:The salivary gland plays a crucial role in oral function and overall health by secreting saliva, yet salivary dysfunction due to aging, medications, autoimmune disorders, and cancer treatments poses significant challenges. We established the first diverse and clinically annotated salivary regenerative biobank at Mayo Clinic to study salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (SGSPCs). Optimization of cell isolation and progenitor assays revealed SGSPCs enriched within the CD24/EpCAM/CD49f+ and PSMA- phenotype of both submandibular and parotid glands, with clonal differentiation assays highlighting heterogeneity. Induction of PSMA/FOLH1 expression was associated with SGSPC differentiation. Utilizing label-free single-cell proteomics, we identified 819 unique proteins in SGSPC-enriched cells, including co-expressed cytokeratins, expressed in rare salivary ductal basal cells. Additionally, PRDX, a unique class of peroxiredoxin peroxidases enriched in SGSPCs demonstrated H2O2-dependent growth, suggesting a role in salivary homeostasis. These findings lay a solid foundation for studying SGSPCs and may lead to personalized regenerative medicine for salivary gland dysfunction.
Project description:As the largest salivary gland in oral cavity, the parotid gland plays an important role in initial digesting and lubricating food. The abnormal secretory function of parotid gland can lead to dental caries and oral mucosal inflammation. In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been used to explore the heterogeneity and diversity of cells in various organs and tissues. However, the transcription profile of human parotid gland at single-cell resolution has not been reported yet. In this study, we constructed the cell atlas of human parotid gland using 10x Genomics platform. Characteristic gene analysis identified the biological functions of serous acinar cell populations in secreting digestive enzymes and antibacterial proteins. We revealed the specificity and similarity of parotid gland comparing to other digestive glands through comparative analyses of other published scRNA-seq datasets. We also identified the cell-specific expression of hub genes for Sjogren’s syndrome in human parotid gland by integrating the results of GWAS and bulk RNA-seq, which highlighted the importance of immune cell dysfunction in parotid Sjogren’s syndrome pathogenesis.
Project description:Sweat glands are abundant glands of our body and essential for thermoregulation. Like mammary glands, they originate from epidermal progenitors. However, they display few signs of cellular turnover, and whether they have stem cells and tissue regenerative capacity remain largely unexplored. Here we address these issues. Using lineage-tracing, we identify multipotent progenitors in sweat duct that transition to unipotency after developing the sweat gland. In characterizing four adult stem cell populations of glandular skin, we show that they display distinct regenerative capabilities and remain unipotent when healing epidermal, myoepithelial-specific and luminal-specific injuries. We devise purification schemes, isolate and transcriptionally profile progenitors. Exploiting molecular differences between sweat and mammary glands, we show that only some progenitors regain multipotency to produce de novo ductal and glandular structures, but that these can retain their identity even within certain foreign microenvironments. Our findings provide new concepts about glandular stem cells and sweat gland biology. 10 samples from mouse paw pads were analyzed
Project description:Sweat glands are abundant glands of our body and essential for thermoregulation. Like mammary glands, they originate from epidermal progenitors. However, they display few signs of cellular turnover, and whether they have stem cells and tissue regenerative capacity remain largely unexplored. Here we address these issues. Using lineage-tracing, we identify multipotent progenitors in sweat duct that transition to unipotency after developing the sweat gland. In characterizing four adult stem cell populations of glandular skin, we show that they display distinct regenerative capabilities and remain unipotent when healing epidermal, myoepithelial-specific and luminal-specific injuries. We devise purification schemes, isolate and transcriptionally profile progenitors. Exploiting molecular differences between sweat and mammary glands, we show that only some progenitors regain multipotency to produce de novo ductal and glandular structures, but that these can retain their identity even within certain foreign microenvironments. Our findings provide new concepts about glandular stem cells and sweat gland biology.
Project description:Somatic mosaicism for DNA copy number alterations (SMC-CNA) is defined as gain or loss of chromosomal segments in mitotic cells within a single organism. As cells harboring SMC-CNA have the potential to undergo clonal expansion, SMC-CNA may be present in a substantial portion of cells in differentiated human tissues and may contribute to the predisposition of these cells to genetic disease including cancer. We characterized gross genomic alterations (>500 kbp) in uninvolved glandular tissue from 59 breast cancer patients and matched samples of primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Array based comparative genomic hybridization experiments showed 10% (6/59) of patients harbored 1 - 359 large SMC-CNA (mean: 1328 kbp; median: 961 kbp) in uninvolved glandular tissue. SMC-CNA were partially recurrent in tumors, albeit with considerable contribution of stochastic SMC-can, indicating genomic destabilization. Therefore, we hypothesized that the observed genomic destabilization is predetermined by mutations in genes related to maintenance of genomic integrity. Targeted resequencing of 301 known predisposition and somatic driver loci revealed mutations in the following genes: BRCA1 (p.Gln1756Profs*74, p.Arg504Cys), BRCA2 (p.Asn3124Ile), NCOR1 (p.Pro1570Glnfs*45), PALB2 (p.Ser500Pro) and TP53 (p.Arg306*). We demonstrated that gross SMC-CNA may be present in a substantial portion of glandular tissue cells, which are distant from that of the tumor cells, and may co-occur with point mutations in crucial cancer predisposing or somatic driver genes. Taken together, this highlights temporal and spatial neoplastic potential of uninvolved glandular tissue from breast cancer patients.
Project description:Somatic mosaicism for DNA copy number alterations (SMC-CNA) is defined as gain or loss of chromosomal segments in mitotic cells within a single organism. As cells harboring SMC-CNA have the potential to undergo clonal expansion, SMC-CNA may be present in a substantial portion of cells in differentiated human tissues and may contribute to the predisposition of these cells to genetic disease including cancer. We characterized gross genomic alterations (>500 kbp) in uninvolved glandular tissue from 59 breast cancer patients and matched samples of primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Array based comparative genomic hybridization experiments showed 10% (6/59) of patients harbored 1 - 359 large SMC-CNA (mean: 1328 kbp; median: 961 kbp) in uninvolved glandular tissue. SMC-CNA were partially recurrent in tumors, albeit with considerable contribution of stochastic SMC-can, indicating genomic destabilization. Therefore, we hypothesized that the observed genomic destabilization is predetermined by mutations in genes related to maintenance of genomic integrity. Targeted resequencing of 301 known predisposition and somatic driver loci revealed mutations in the following genes: BRCA1 (p.Gln1756Profs*74, p.Arg504Cys), BRCA2 (p.Asn3124Ile), NCOR1 (p.Pro1570Glnfs*45), PALB2 (p.Ser500Pro) and TP53 (p.Arg306*). We demonstrated that gross SMC-CNA may be present in a substantial portion of glandular tissue cells, which are distant from that of the tumor cells, and may co-occur with point mutations in crucial cancer predisposing or somatic driver genes. Taken together, this highlights temporal and spatial neoplastic potential of uninvolved glandular tissue from breast cancer patients.
Project description:The circumvallate papillae (CVP) and foliate papillae (FoP) of the posterior tongue contain taste buds in close proximity to specialized salivary glands, known as von Ebner and minor salivary glands, respectively. The developmental relationship between taste buds and these salivary glands remains largely unexplored. Lineage tracing studies in mice have revealed that Lgr5 marks taste bud stem cells. Here, we report single-cell RNA sequencing of the entire CVP and FoP of mice, yielding transcriptional profiles of cells from tongue surface epithelium, taste buds and the associated salivary glands. We unveiled a developmental trajectory in which taste buds, the associated salivary glands and the non-taste tongue surface epithelium originate from a common Lgr5+ cell. We describe long-term organoid culture conditions for these cells and confirm their tripotency at the clonal level in vitro. CVP and FoP harbor chemosensory units consisting of taste bud and salivary gland cells derived from the same parental Lgr5+ stem cell.