Gene expression profiling of skeletal myoblast differentiation and exposure to TNF-alpha or IGF1
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Swanhild Meyer
PROVIDER: E-MTAB-3474 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Skeletal muscle mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes. Current skeletal-muscle-models in vitro are incapable of fully recapitulating its physiological functions especially regarding exercise. Supplementation of IGF1, a growth factor secreted by myofibers in vivo, might help to overcome these limitations. Primary human CD56-positive myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes in the presence/absence of IGF1 in serum-free medium for 10 days. Daily collected samples were analyzed by proteomics, qRT-PCR and myotube contractibility via electrical-pulse-stimulation (EPS). Mitochondrial respiration and glucose uptake were measured. IGF1-supported differentiation formed thicker multinucleated myotubes showing physiological contraction upon EPS following day 6 while myotubes without IGF1 were almost incapable of contraction. IGF1-treatment upregulated particularly muscle-specific proteins that contribute to myofibril and sarcomere assembly, striated muscle contraction, and ATP production. Elevated PPARGC1A, MYH7 and reduced MYH1/2 suggest a switch towards a more oxidative phenotype in line with elevated mitochondrial respiration. IGF1-treatment also upregulated expression of GLUT4 and increased insulin-dependent glucose uptake. To conclude, utilizing IGF1, we engineered human myotubes that recapitulate the physiological traits of skeletal muscle in vivo vastly superior to established protocols. This novel model enables investigation of exercise on a molecular level, drug screening and interorgan-crosstalk by transfer to organ-on-chip.
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Project description:All established protocols for differentiation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells into specific neural subpopulations generate a considerable cellular heterogeneity that hampers experimental and clinical progress. In order to obtain a homogenous population of neuronal precursor cells and to streamline the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we assessed PSA-NCAM, a surface glycoprotein that is specifically expressed on immature neurons. We developed an optimized strategy for magnetic isolation of PSA-NCAM positive neuronal precursors from differentiated ESC cultures and characterized their neuronal differentiation potential in vitro. PSA-NCAM enrichment at an early step of neural differentiation increased the number of ES cell derived neurons and reduced cellular diversity. Gene expression analysis revealed that mainly genes involved in neuronal activity were over-represented after purification. The in vivo potential of in vitro derived PSA-NCAM+ enriched precursors was functionally characterized by grafting into the forebrain of adult mice. Analysis for several neuronal and glia markers at 10 or 40 days post graft showed a distinct differentiation pattern. While unsorted control cells gave rise to a mixed population composed of immature precursors, early postmitotic neurons or glial cells, the majority of PSA-NCAM+ enriched cells differentiated into NeuN positive neurons. Furthermore, when in contact with the rostral migratory stream, higher numbers of cells integrated into the stream and migrated towards the olfactory bulb when the PSA-NCAM enriched population was grafted. Thus, enrichment of neuronal precursors based on PSA-NCAM expression represents a general and straightforward approach to narrow cellular heterogeneity during neuronal differentiation of pluripotent cells. Two conditions (step 4, step 5), each represented by three biological replicates of control and enriched cells (Cy5); mESC was used as common reference (Cy3)
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Project description:In this work we present an analytical strategy to systematically identify early regulators by combining gene regulatory networks (GRN) with GWAS. We hypothesized that early regulators in T-cell associated diseases could be found by defining upstream transcription factors (TFs) in T-cell differentiation. Time series expression and DNA methylation profiling of T-cell differentiation identified several upstream TFs, of which TFs involved in Th1/2 differentiation were most enriched for disease associated SNPs identified by GWAS. Naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from buffy coat of four healthy donors using a naïve CD4+ T cell isolation kit (Miltenyi, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany). Naïve CD4+ T cells were stimulated with TGF-β (1 ng/mL), IL-1β (10 ng/mL), IL-6 (25 ng/mL), IL-21 (25 ng/mL) and IL-23 (25 ng/mL) for Th17, and TGF-β (10 ng/mL) and IL-2 (10 ng/mL) for Treg. Cells were cultured for six days in Iscoveâs modified Dulbecco medium (IMDM) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine (PAA Laboratories, Linz, Austria), 10% heat-inactivated FCS (PAA Laboratories, Linz, Austria), 5 µM βâmercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and 50 ug/mL gentamicin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Cells were cultured for 6 days and then re-stimulated with plate-bound anti-CD3 and soluble anti-CD28 in the presence of corresponding polarizing cytokines and antibodies for another 2 days (Zhang et al. 2013). RNA was extracted using a miRneasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). The RNA concentrations were analysed with NanoDrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies). For the gene expression microarray analysis, The cRNA was prepared using a Low Input QuickAmp Labeling Kit. For Th17 and Treg cells the gene expression microarray analysis was performed using SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression 8x60K v2 microarray kit, according to the manufactureâs instruction (Agilent Technologies).
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Project description:In this work we present an analytical strategy to systematically identify early regulators by combining gene regulatory networks (GRN) with GWAS. We hypothesized that early regulators in T-cell associated diseases could be found by defining upstream transcription factors (TFs) in T-cell differentiation. Time series expression and DNA methylation profiling of T-cell differentiation identified several upstream TFs, of which TFs involved in Th1/2 differentiation were most enriched for disease associated SNPs identified by GWAS. Naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from buffy coat of four healthy donors using a naïve CD4+ T cell isolation kit (Miltenyi, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany). Naïve CD4+ T cells were stimulated with plate-bound anti-CD3 (500 ng/mL), soluble anti-CD28 (500 ng/mL), in the presence of IL-12 (5 ng/mL), IL-2 (10 ng/mL) and antiâ??IL-4 (5 µg/mL) for Th1, IL-4 (10 ng/mL), IL-2 (10 ng/mL) and anti-IL-12 (5 µg/mL) and antiâ??IFN-g (5 µg/mL) for Th2. Cells were cultured for six days in Iscoveâ??s modified Dulbecco medium (IMDM) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine (PAA Laboratories, Linz, Austria), 10% heat-inactivated FCS (PAA Laboratories, Linz, Austria), 5 µM βâ??mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and 50 ug/mL gentamicin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Cells were cultured for 6 days and then re-stimulated with plate-bound anti-CD3 and soluble anti-CD28 in the presence of corresponding polarizing cytokines and antibodies for another 2 days (Zhang et al. 2013). RNA was extracted using a miRneasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). The RNA concentrations were analysed with NanoDrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies). For the gene expression microarray analysis, The cRNA was prepared using a Low Input QuickAmp Labeling Kit. For Th1 and Th2 cells the gene expression microarray analysis was performed using SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression 8x60K microarray kit, according to the manufactureâ??s instruction (Agilent Technologies).
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