ABSTRACT: NK cells may acquire under certain conditions features of adaptive immune cells. As the functional role of memory NK cells in cancer has so far remained elusive, we reasoned whether tumor-priming itself might promote memory NK cell generation. We provide substantial evidence that independent from pro-inflammatory stimulation, tumor-induced memory-like (TIML) NK cells exhibit a heightened, tumor-restricted cytotoxicity which is dependent on a higher/faster perforin but not IFN-γ release. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that gene expression patterns differ between TIML- and Cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML)-NK cells.
Project description:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are part of the same disease classification but are defined by differential distribution of tumor cells. B-CLL is characterized by significant immune suppression and dysregulation but this is nottypical of patients with SLL. Natural killer cells (NK) are important mediators of immune function but have been relatively poorly studied in patients with B-CLL/SLL.
Project description:Natural Killer cells (NK), a major constituent of innate immune system, have the ability to kill the transformed and infected cells without prior sensitization; can be put to immunotherapeutic use against various malignancies. NK cells discriminate between normal cells and transformed cells via a balance of inhibitory and activating signals induced by interactions between NK cell receptors and target cell ligands. Present study investigates whether expansion of NK cells could augment their anti-myeloma (MM) activity. For NK cell expansion, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and myeloma patients were co-cultured with irradiated K562 cells transfected with 4-1BBL and membrane-bound IL15 (K562-mb15-41BBL). A genome-wide profiling approach was performed to identify gene expression signature in expanded NK (ENK) cells and non-expanded NK cells isolated from healthy donors and myeloma patients. A specific set of genes involved in proliferation, migration, adhesion, cytotoxicity, and activation were up regulated post expansion, also confirmed by flow cytometry. Exp-NK cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary MM cells more avidly than non-exp-NK cells in vitro. Multiple receptors, particularly NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAM-1 contributed to target lysis, via a perforin mediated mechanism. In summary, vigorous expansion and high anti-MM activity both in vitro and in vivo provide the rationale for testing exp-NK cells in a clinical trial for high risk MM. Differential gene expression profile in expanded natural killer (ENK) cells and non-expanded natural killer (NK) cells from healthy donors and myeloma patients Eight healthy donor and eight myeloma patients were used in the study. Non-expanded natural killer (NK) cells were isolated from PBMCs of healthy donors and myeloma patients. Expanded natural killer (ENK) cells were generated from same set of samples as mentioned in expansion protocol. All ENK and NK cells were used for gene expression profiling.
Project description:Fragmented RNA cocktails from FACS sorted Human decidual NK cell, and peripheral blood CD56Bright and CD56Dim NK cells, previously hybridization to HGU95AV2 chips (Koopman et al J Exp Med. 2003 Oct 20;198(8):1201-1), were stored long term at -80C, thawed and hybridized to HG-U133B arrays. Transcriptome analysis of Human decidual NK cells and NK cells from peripheral blood using Affymetrix UGU133B arrays.
Project description:Fragmented RNA cocktails from FACS sorted Human decidual NK cell, and peripheral blood CD56Bright and CD56Dim NK cells, previously hybridization to HGU95AV2 chips (Koopman et al J Exp Med. 2003 Oct 20;198(8):1201-1), were stored long term at -80C, thawed and hybridized to HG-U133A arrays. Transcriptome analysis of Human decidual NK cells and NK cells from peripheral blood using Affymetrix UGU133A arrays.
Project description:In this study we investigated the mechanisms involved in memory T-cell mediated protection using mice vaccinated with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Our working hypothesis was that rapid activation of cells of the innate immune system, in particular inflammatory Ly6C+ monocytes, were essential in effective protection, in a memory T cell-dependent manner. Thus we generated a comprehensive comparison of the genetic program of activated Ly6C+ monocytes during a primary or a secondary infection with Listeria monocytogenes, at 8 hours post challenge infection. Abstract of corresponding publication: Cells of the innate immune system are essential for host defenses against primary microbial pathogen infections, yet their involvement in effective memory responses of vaccinated individuals has been poorly investigated. Here we show that memory T cells instruct innate cells to become potent effector cells in a systemic and a mucosal model of infection. Memory T cells controlled phagocyte, dendritic cell and NK or NK T cell mobilization and induction of a strong program of differentiation, which included their expression of effector cytokines and microbicidal pathways, all of which were delayed in non-vaccinated hosts. Disruption of IFN-gamma-signaling in Ly6C+ monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages impaired these processes and the control of pathogen growth. These results reveal how memory T cells, through rapid secretion of IFN-gamma, orchestrate extensive modifications of host innate immune responses that are essential for effective protection of vaccinated hosts. Overall design: Inflammatory monocytes were purified (see below for isolation method) from 4 groups of 3 individual mice each (triplicate): (i) uninfected mice, (ii) primary infected, (iii) secondary infected, (iv) secondary infected and T-cell depleted 1 day before. Isolation of cells was done on 3 different days for true biological replicates.
Project description:MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is upregulated in primary effector CD8 T cells but is expressed at low amounts in naïve cells. Anti-viral CD8 T cell responses and viral clearance were impaired in miR-155 deficient (bic-/-) mice, and this defect was intrinsic to CD8 T cells, as adoptively transferred bic-/- CD8 T cells generated greatly reduced primary and memory responses during infection. To understand the mechanism by which miR-155 regulates CD8 T cell activation, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of naive and in vitro activated wild-type and bic-/- CD8 T cells. CD8 T cells were purified from uninfected C57BL/6 mice and stimulated in vitro with plate-bound anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies for 48 h or left unstimulated. RNA from these CD8 T cells was processed, amplified, labeled, and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip MoGene 1.0 st microarrays.
Project description:Somatic STAT5B gain-of-function mutations have been frequently found in patients with T- and NK-cell neoplasms. STAT5BN642H represents the most frequently occuring STAT5B mutation. To investigate the molecular mechanism of STAT5BN642H-driven NK-cell leukemia, we performed RNA-Seq of liver derived FACS-sorted diseased N642HNK/NK and aged non-diseased control (Cre neg, GFPNK/NK), STAT5BNK/NK, N642HNK/NK NK cells.
Project description:Genome wide expression profiling of human NK cells stimulated with K562 erythroleukemic tumor cells after four hours of NK-tumor co-culture. Responding NK cells were compared to non-responding NK cells, delineated by display of CD107 on the NK cell surface following cytotoxic granule release. We hypothesized that tumor responses would initiate rapid changes in gene expression in the NK cell that would identify new features of the anti-tumor response of NK cells. Results identify NK cell activation responses and induction of TNF superfamily molecules with immunoregulatory activity. Human peripheral blood NK cells were co-cultured with tumor target cell line K562 for 4 hours with GolgiStop (brefeldin) then stained for granule exocytosis marker CD107a / CD107b, and NK cell markers then FACS sorted for responding NK cells (CD107+) and non-responding NK cells (CD107-). Pooled donor sample comprised NK cells from 3 individuals.
Project description:We analyzed gene expression profiles of IL-18 generated murine NK cells in comparison to unstimulated, freshly isolated splenic NK cells. We identified a set of 1414 Affymetrix probe sets showing significant misregulation (Welch's T-test, p<0.05; Benjamini-Hochberg FDR corrected). IL-18 generated as well as unstimulated NK cells were isolated in three independent preparations and used for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.
Project description:Two major subsets of rat natural killer (NK) cells can be distinguished based on their expression of either the Ly49s3 or the NKR-P1B lectin-like receptor. Ly49s3+ NK cells, but not NKR-P1B+ NK cells, express a wide range of Ly49 receptors. Here, we performed a global gene expression profiling of sorted, single-positive NKR-P1B+ or Ly49s3+ splenic NK cells in order to get an overview of differences in expressed genes between the NKR-P1B+ and Ly49s3+ NK cell subsets. NKR-P1B or Ly49s3 single-positive NK cells were sorted by flow cytometry from NK-enriched mononuclear cells from rat spleens. 9 rats of the PVG.7b strain aged 8-12 weeks were used. Total RNA was harvested by Tri Reagent extraction, and subjected to microarray analysis (Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array).