OBJECTIVES: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy characterized by an autoimmune reaction in the small intestine of genetically susceptible individuals. The underlying causes of autoimmune reaction and its effect on host metabolism remain largely unknown. Herein, we apply ...
The purpose of this study was to investigate how C. difficile metabolism differs between strains as a function of diet. We used three C. difficile strains (R20291, Cd4, and Cd10). Each strain was grown in three different media conditions designed to mimic different diet conditio...
Sex is a fundamental biological variable important in biomedical research, drug development, clinical trials, and prevention approaches. Among many organs, kidneys are known to exhibit remarkable structural, histological, and pathological differences between sexes. However, whether and how kidney...